Nutritional/Metabolic Disorders Flashcards
Describe Vitamin A & why it’s important
Fat soluble, important for vision, immune system, kidney, skin & mucous membrane function
Where is Vitamin A found?
In liver, fish oil, fortified milk, eggs
What is the precursor to Vitamin A? & where is it found?
Beta carotene (fruits & veggies)
Whose at risk for Vitamin A def?
- Elderly
- Alcoholics
- liver dz
S/S of Vitamin A def
- Night blindness
- Dry skin
- Poor wound healing
Vitamin A Dx
via serum level
Vitamin A tx
Supplements
What is Vitamin D needed for?
helps bones absorb Ca++
Where is Vitamin D found?
fortified milk, or produced w/ exposure to sunlight
Whose at risk for Vitamin D def?
- Elderly
- Infants
- Low sun exposure
Vitamin D def leads to:
- rickets (dz of children- causes distortion of bones, dental hypoplasia)
- Osteomalacia (defective bone mineralization in adults)
Vitamin D Dx
Serum Vitamin D level, hypocalcemia
Vitamin D Tx
- Sunlight
- Supplements
- Underlying condition
What is another name for Thiamine?
Vitamin B1
Function of Thiamine?
Enables the body to use CHOs as energy- esp important for nerve, muscle, heart function
Where is Thiamine found?
In beef, liver, beans, nuts, rice
Who is at risk for Thiamine Def?
alcoholics
Thiamine Def leads to:
Beriberi
What is Wet Beriberi?
periph vasodilation w/ HF, dyspnea, pulm edema
What is Dry Beriberi? & two conditions associated w/ it.
motor & sensory neuropathy (pain, paresthesia),
- Wernicke encephalopathy - Korsakoff syndrome
S/S of Wernicke encephalopathy
- Nystagmus
- Ataxia
- Confusion
S/S of Korsakoff syndrome
- Amnesia
- Confabulation
- Impaired learning
Thiamine Def Dx
by giving thiamine- symptoms improve very quickly (though there is a serum test)
Thiamine Def Tx
Parenteral Thiamine
