Nutritional/Metabolic Disorders

Question 1

Describe Vitamin A & why it’s important

Answer 1

Fat soluble, important for vision, immune system, kidney, skin & mucous membrane function

Question 2

Where is Vitamin A found?

Answer 2

In liver, fish oil, fortified milk, eggs

Question 3

What is the precursor to Vitamin A? & where is it found?

Answer 3

Beta carotene (fruits & veggies)

Question 4

Whose at risk for Vitamin A def?

Answer 4

• Elderly
• Alcoholics
• liver dz

Question 5

S/S of Vitamin A def

Answer 5

• Night blindness
• Dry skin
• Poor wound healing

Question 6

Vitamin A Dx

Answer 6

via serum level

Question 7

Vitamin A tx

Answer 7

Supplements

Question 8

What is Vitamin D needed for?

Answer 8

helps bones absorb Ca++

Question 9

Where is Vitamin D found?

Answer 9

fortified milk, or produced w/ exposure to sunlight

Question 10

Whose at risk for Vitamin D def?

Answer 10

• Elderly
• Infants
• Low sun exposure

Question 11

Vitamin D def leads to:

Answer 11

• rickets (dz of children- causes distortion of bones, dental hypoplasia)
• Osteomalacia (defective bone mineralization in adults)

Question 12

Vitamin D Dx

Answer 12

Serum Vitamin D level, hypocalcemia

Question 13

Vitamin D Tx

Answer 13

• Sunlight
• Supplements
• Underlying condition

Question 14

What is another name for Thiamine?

Answer 14

Vitamin B1

Question 15

Function of Thiamine?

Answer 15

Enables the body to use CHOs as energy- esp important for nerve, muscle, heart function

Question 16

Where is Thiamine found?

Answer 16

In beef, liver, beans, nuts, rice

Question 17

Who is at risk for Thiamine Def?

Answer 17

alcoholics

Question 18

Thiamine Def leads to:

Answer 18

Beriberi

Question 19

What is Wet Beriberi?

Answer 19

periph vasodilation w/ HF, dyspnea, pulm edema

Question 20

What is Dry Beriberi? & two conditions associated w/ it.

Answer 20

motor & sensory neuropathy (pain, paresthesia),
- Wernicke encephalopathy - Korsakoff syndrome

Question 21

S/S of Wernicke encephalopathy

Answer 21

• Nystagmus
• Ataxia
• Confusion

Question 22

S/S of Korsakoff syndrome

Answer 22

• Amnesia
• Confabulation
• Impaired learning

Question 23

Thiamine Def Dx

Answer 23

by giving thiamine- symptoms improve very quickly (though there is a serum test)

Question 24

Thiamine Def Tx

Answer 24

Parenteral Thiamine

Question 25

What are other vitamins that can be def in alcoholics?

Answer 25

• Riboflavin (B2)
• Pantothenic acid (B5)
• B6
• Niacin
• Biotin
• Folate

Question 26

Why is Vitamin C important?

Answer 26

Needed for the development & repair of all body tissues

Question 27

Where is Vitamin C found?

Answer 27

• Citrus
• Strawberries
• Broccoli
• Greens

Question 27

Whose at risk of Vit C def?

Answer 27

• Alcoholics
• Lower SES
• Elderly

Question 28

Vit C def leads to:

Answer 28

Scurvy:
swollen, bleeding gums; easy bruising, brittle hair, slow healing wounds

Question 29

Vit C Dx

Answer 29

decr plasma levels

Question 30

Vit C Tx

Answer 30

supplements

Question 31

Lactose Intolerance Dx

Answer 31

Usually self dx but can be tested w/a Hydrogen Breath Test

Question 32

What usually breaks down lactose?

Answer 32

Lactase
- produced by cells in the lining of the small intestine

Question 33

S/S of Lactose Intolerance

Answer 33

• Bloating
• Abdominal cramps
• Flatulence

Question 33

What is Lactose Intolerance/Lactose Def?

Answer 33

Impaired ability to digest lactose, a sugar found in milk & other dairy products

Question 34

When there is loss of PAH activity, what happens?

Answer 34

phenylalanine accumulates leading to brain toxicity

Question 34

Lactose Intolerance Tx

Answer 34

synthetic lactase or elimination of all milk products

Question 35

What is Phenylketonuria (PKU)?

Answer 35

A genetic inborn error of metabolism characterized by the presence of a nonfunctional hepatic enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase

Question 35

What does PKU do?

Answer 35

converts the AA phenylalanine (PHE) into tyrosine

Question 36

What secondarily happens to phenylalanine?

Answer 36

metabolized into phenylketones that are excreted in urine