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Principles of nutrition > Nutritional Considerations For Specific Client Groups > Flashcards

Nutritional Considerations For Specific Client Groups Flashcards

1
Q

Why is it important to eat healthy during pregnancy

A

It will help the baby to develop and grow

It will ensure specific calorie intake to support breastfeeding

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2
Q

What committee can provide info on the latest guidelines for nutrition and issues related to pregnancy

A

The royal college of obstetricians and gynaecologists scientific advisory committee

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3
Q

How can pregnant women get their vitamins and minerals

A

From foods but they made need to take supplements to ensure they are getting everything they need

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4
Q

Is the saying ‘ eat for two ‘ true

A

No. They may feel hungrier but it is not nessecary

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5
Q

What happens to calorie intake when breastfeeding

A

Needs to increase by up to 500 cals per day

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6
Q

What are some tips for eating well in pregnancy

A

Eat at least 5 portions of fruit and veg to provide minerals and vitamins and constipation

Starchy foods should make up just over a third of food eaten

Protein foods should be eaten every day

Dairy food is important for calcium and other nutrients

Eat food that contains folate

Food rich in vitamin c and calcium should be eaten to support the babies growth

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7
Q

What should be taken if anemia is a problem

A

Iron - there are ones suited to pregnancy and the levels will be monitored

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8
Q

What does taking folic acid in pregnancy do

A

400 micro grams every day.

Help prevent birth defects known as neural tube defects

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9
Q

Why should vitamin d be taken in pregnancy

A

10 micro grams every day

Provide baby with enough vitimin D for the first few months of life

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10
Q

What soft cheese with white rinds should be avoided in pregnancy and blue cheese and why

A

Brie, Camembert
Danish blue, Gorgonzola and Roquefort

Can be an ideal environment for harmful bacteria (listeria)

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11
Q

Why should eggs be avoided in pregnancy

A

Raw and partially cooked ones should be avoided to prevent risk of salmonella food poisoning

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12
Q

What pate should be avoided during pregnancy

A

Meat and veg

Can contain listeria
Too much vit A can harm the baby

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13
Q

What raw cows milk should be avoided during pregnancy

A

Unpasteurised milk or any foods made from them.

Can carry disease causing microbes

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14
Q

What goats or sheep’s milk should be avoided in pregnancy

A

Unpasteurised milk or any foods made from them

Can carry disease causing microbes

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15
Q

Why do pregnant women have to be careful eating veg, fruit and salad

A

Increased risk of E. coli and toxoplasmosis

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16
Q

Why should raw or uncooked meat be avoided in pregnancy

A

Risk of toxoplasmosis

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17
Q

Why should cures cold meats like salami Parma ham chorizo and pepperoni be avoided in pregnancy

A

Risk of toxoplasmosis

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18
Q

Why should liver or liver products such as pâté sausage and haggis be avoided in pregnancy

A

Contain a lot of vitamin a

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19
Q

Why should pheasant duck rabbit and hare be avoided in pregnancy

A

High levels of lead

20
Q

What should shark sword fish and marlin be avoided in pregnancy

A

More Mercury wishing can affect the baby’s nervous system

21
Q

Why should a pregnant woman only have no more than two portions of oily fish a week

A

Contains pollutants and high levels of Mercury

22
Q

Why should pregnant women avoid caffeine

A

No more than 200mg a day.

23
Q

Why is hydration important for a healthy pregnancy and recovery

A

Flushes waste products from the cells and aids liver and kidney function for mother and baby

If not, can lead to constipation and fatigue

Important for bread milk production and flow

24
Q

How much water should a pregnancy lady drink

A

8-12 glasses per day

25
Q

Why is good nutrition and regular activity important for a older person

A

Plays a protective role in age related conditions - cardio disease and cognitive decline

Good for oral, bone and joint health

26
Q

Why is it that for healthy people, energy requirements decrease with advancing age

A

Due to changes in body composition.

Older people tend to have less muscle and more fat

27
Q

Why is calcium and vitamin d important for older people

A

Ensures optimum bone mass, reduces post menopausal bone loss and prevent osteoporotic fractures

28
Q

What does protein and vitamin K for for older people

A

Delays hone aging

29
Q

What are tips for healthy eating when older

A

Varied diet containing fruit and veg

Include fortified food

Functional foods

Two portions of fish a week

Take vit D supplement

30
Q

What are some helpful tips for reducing blood pressure

A

Eat less salt
No more than 6g a day.

Eat more fruit and veg

Drink less alcohol

Reduce the amount of saturated fat in the diet

Maintain healthy weight

Don’t smoke

31
Q

What is the one of the main chemicals in salt?

A

Sodium

1g of sodium is the same as 2.5g of salt

32
Q

What are the risks of cardio vascular disease

A 
Obesity 
High intake of saturated fats 
Hypertension 
Smoking 
Less levels of physical activity 
Diabetes
33
Q

What are tips for protection against cardio disease

A

Whole grains as the main form of carbs

Eat a good amount of long chain omega 3 fatty acids

34
Q

What can obesity be defined as

A

A chronic relapsing condition

35
Q

What is obesity

A

Condition in which abnormal or excessive fat accumilation in adipose tissue impairs health

36
Q

What BMI do you have to have to be considered obese?

A

30 or over

37
Q

What are the risks of being over weight

A

Type 2 diabetes
Heart disease
Certain cancers

38
Q

What percentage of adults in the UK are overweight or obese

A

61.9%

39
Q

What percentage of children between 2-15 are over weight or obese in the UK

A

28%

40
Q

By 2020 what did the government want to see in obesity etc

A

A downward trend in the level of excess weight in adult

A sustained downward trend in the level of excess weight in children

41
Q

How has the government outlined to help people eat and drink more healthy and be active

A

Giving people advice on a healthy diet and physical activity

Improving labelling on food and drink

Encourages cafe and restaurants to include Calorie info

Guidance on how much activity people should be doing

42
Q

Describe the relationship between stress and food

A

Healthy food increases energy levels and calms mood

Junk food can cause more anxiety and less to weight gain and unlikely to help your mood

43
Q

What could you swap refined white flours for ?

A

Whole grain flour bread pasta and sweet potatoe

44
Q

What should you swap caffeinated drinks for and alcohol

A

Herbal teas

45
Q

What could you swap a carb heavy diet for

A

Add fish chicken beef eggs to every meal

When snacking on fruit, include a small amount of nuts and seeds

46
Q

What are helpful tips for type 1 diabetes (not related to life style)
: when the body is unable to produce insulin

A

Balance diet incl fruit and veg starchy food

Carb counting

Medical guidance

47
Q

What are helpful tips for type 2 diabetes

Can be caused by life style

A

Keep active
Managing weight
Eat healthy

Principles of nutrition (6 decks)

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