Nutritional concerns in the growing adult Flashcards
What is the definition of malnutrition?
Malnutrition is a state of nutrition in which deficiency or excess of energy, protein and other nutrients causes measurable adverse effects on tissue/body function and clinical outcomes
Malnutrition means both undernutrition and overnutrition - older adults are at increased risk of both
What are some consequences of malnutrition?
Loss of muscle tissue & strength; respiratory muscles (chest infection),cardiac function (heart failure)
Mobility
Reduced immune response/increased infections
Poor wound healing
Loss of mucosal integrity (malabsorption/bacterial translocation)
Psychological decline– depression, apathy
Poor prognosis & increased mortality & morbidity
3 ways to assess nutritional status in the older adult
BMI
Waist circumference
Skinfold thickness i.e at triceps, biceps, subscapular or suprailiac
2 types of nutritional screening tools?
MUST (Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool)
MNA (Mini Nutritional Assessment) [questionnaire - 18 qns]
3 ways to assess physiological function in older patients?
Timed up and go test
Hand grip strength
30 second chair stand test
Electrophysiological way of estimating body fat?
Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis
3 psychological factors which influence nutritional intake in older adults?
Isolation
Neglect
Psychological: bereavement – depression – dementia
Economic: – cost – access
Social support: Meals on wheels – Lunch clubs – home delivery services
3 physiological factors which influence nutritional intake in older adults?
Visual impairment Mobility Dexterity Dental health Illness/polypharmacy Gastrointestinal changes: Taste – Hormonal – CCK – Gut motility – Atrophic gastritis
What is the definition of malnutrition?
Decrease in lean body mass associated with ageing
May co-exist with obesity : sarcopenic obesity
What are some causes of sarcopenia?
Reduced physical activity Change in body composition Malnutrition Increased cytokine production Reduced sex hormones Chronic disease
