nutritional anaemias

Question 1

define anaemia

Answer 1

number of red blood cells is insufficient to meet body’s physiological needs

Question 2

what are the 3 main causes of anaemia

Answer 2

failure of production
ineffective erythropoiesis
decreased survival

Question 3

describe microcytic

Answer 3

iron deficiency

- thalassaemia, anaemia of chronic disease

Question 4

describe normocytic

Answer 4

anaemia chronic disease, aplastic anaemia, chronic renal failure

Question 5

describe macrocytic

Answer 5

b12 deficiency
folate deficiency
liver disease, myxoedema
myelodysplasion

Question 6

describe iron

Answer 6

oxygen transport
needed base on physiological needs
both ferric and ferrous states of iron

Question 7

describe iron absorption

Answer 7

regulated by G1 mucosal cells and hepcidin

hepcidin = regulatory protein, decreases iron absorption

left over iron stored as ferritin.

low ferritin = iron deficient

Question 8

what are causes of iron deficiency

Answer 8

poor diet/malnutrition
blood loss/mensturation/GI tract loss/ parasites

symptoms = lethargy, dizzy

Question 9

what two types of b12 and folate deficiency can there be

Answer 9

megaloblastic and non-megaloblastic

Question 10

describe megaloblastic

Answer 10

vitamin B12/ folic acid deficiency
drug related
peripheral smear by macroovalocytes
hypersemented neutrophils

Question 11

describe megaloblastic

Answer 11

alcoholism and hypothyroidism
liver disease
myelodysplastic syndromes
reticulocytosis

Question 12

treatment options for deficiencies

Answer 12

iron = diet/oral

folic acid = oral supplement

b12 = oral/intramuscular treatment