NUTRITION TEST 3

Question 1

Vitamin A (Retinol) disorders

Answer 1

• night blindness»xerophthalmia
• fetal malformation– bone development
• unhealthy epithelial tissue– sinus issue, sore throat, ear/mouth/salivary abscesses
• carotenemia– over-ingestion of carotene; skin turns yellow/orange, will rt to normal color 2-6 weeks after decreasing carotene intake

Question 2

Vitamin D (Cholecalciferol) disorders

Answer 2

• ricketts–childhood; s/s soft bones, bow legs, knocked knees
• osteoporosis (Ca deficiency, porous bones)
• osteomalacia– adults; soft bones, future and widespread bone pain

Most toxic of all vitamins when levels are too high in blood

Question 3

Retinol food sources

vitamin A

Answer 3

liver, kidney, egg yolks, carrots, sweet potatoes, squash, orange fruits and veggies

Question 4

Vitamin K (Phylloquinone) disorders

Answer 4

• newborns: with low K levels, injection of AquaMephyton given to prevent bleeding issues
• prolonged bleeding times
• dont take with Coumadin

Question 5

Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid) disorders

Answer 5

• scurvy– deficiency disease..hemorrhagic manisfestation/abnormal bone/teeth formation
• S/S: tender, sore gums; small hemorrhages/internal bleeding; delayed wound healing

Question 6

When the total volume is given…

Answer 6

..calculate the mL/hr
Total volume/total time in hrs=mL/hr

Question 7

Ordered: 2000mL D5W to be infused for 24 hrs. How many mLs/hr must PT receive for 24 hrs?

Answer 7

2000(TV)/24 (TT)=83.33=83 mL/hr

Question 8

When the mL/hr is given, calculate the ____ per minute

Answer 8

Answer: drops
Drop factor (gtt)/mL/Time in minutes x total hourly vol. =drops/min

Question 9

Ordered: D5W to infuse at 83 mL/hr, DF is 10

Answer 9

10(DF)/60(mins) x 83 (Vol./hr)
10/60 x 83/1 =83/6=13.8 or 14 drops/min

Question 10

When the IV tubing is micro drip, 60/mL, the drops/min will be the same as the ___

Answer 10

mL/hr
Step 1: 1000(TV)/8(TT)=125 mL/hr
60/60 x 125= 125 drops/min

Question 11

Vitamin B12 (Cyanocobalamin)

Answer 11

• function: necessary for RBC formation
• Nervous system properly functioning
• Sources: meat, fish, shellfish, poultry, milk/eggs/cheese

Question 12

Calcium deficiency S/S

Answer 12

• Tetany: Chvostek’s sign (taping on facial nerve near ear» twitch); Trousseau’s sign: use BP cuff , overinflate, forearm/hand would spasm

Question 13

Potassium disorders

Answer 13

• hypokalemia: deficiency, <3.5 meq-5 meq/L, nausea, vomiting, irregular pulse; Hyperkalemia: elevated, >5.0 meq/L, irritability, irregular pulse, cardiac arrest
• can affect heart rhythm
• treatment: hyper–insulin; IV/oral recommended

Question 14

Iron disorders

Answer 14

• deficicency–fatigue, restlessness, imapired cognition
• hemosiderosis: excess iron in liver/spleen/lungs
• hemochromatosis: escess iron in tissues

Question 15

iodine disorders

Answer 15

• deficiency – goiter, cretinism, myxedema

Question 16

fluroide disorders

Answer 16

• deficiency–dental caries
• toxicity: mottles teeth, brown stains, weak teeth

Question 17

Zinc disorders

Answer 17

• deficiency– growth failure, hypogonadism, delayed wound healing, delayed sexual maturation

Question 18

Copper disorder

Answer 18

• menkes disease–deficiency
• wilson’s disease–too much

Question 19

Selenium disorder

Answer 19

• Keshan cardiomyopathy: kids with this deficiency; can be corrected; cardiac disease 1

Question 20

Folic Acid (Folate)

Answer 20

• maintain cell production; reduced colon/cervical cancer
• preventc neural tube defects so given to pregnant PTs

Question 21

Foods with Potassium

Answer 21

Legumes, leafy greens, squash, banana, OJ, potato skins

Question 22

Foods with Calcium

Answer 22

Milk, OJ, spinach/kale, broccoli, salmon, clams

Question 23

Vitamin B12 Deficiency

Answer 23

• pernicious anemia
• S/S: sore tongue, hand and feet numbness/tingling, depression, psychosis delusions

Question 24

B1 disorders (thiamine)

Answer 24

• wernecke-korsakoffs—usually from alcohol abuse, confusion rapid eye movement
• B1 disorder usually from lack of good diet as B1 is in a lot of foods
• Beriberi-cerebral/cardiovas abnormality wet/dry
• dry: can’t walk, wet: tachy, edema
• coverts energy to glucose

Question 25

B3 Niacin disorders

Answer 25

• high doses can be used to treat high cholesterol
• dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia
• food sources: red meat, legumes, nuts, brown rice
• pellagra- b3 deficiency

Question 26

Vitamin E

Answer 26

Stop before surgery for coagulation