nutrition part 1

Question 1

building blocks of protein made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. It is important to the body’s metabolism

Answer 1

amino acids

Question 2

when the body is building more tissue than it is breaking down.

Answer 2

anabolism

Question 3

eating disorder that gives a lack of appetite based on the appearance of food and how it is served

Answer 3

anorexia nervosa

Question 4

a condition of having insufficient protein intake causing tissue to break down more than it builds it

Answer 4

catabolism

Question 5

a lipid in the sterols class that is the building blocks for cell membranes and hormones.

Answer 5

cholesterol

Question 6

foods that humans cannot digest. These foods can lower cholesterol and blood glucose levels and assist in weight loss. It dissolves in water

Answer 6

dietary fiber

Question 7

nutrients that the body cannot make in the amounts essential for good health

Answer 7

essential nutrients

Question 8

a form of carbs that Is a simple sugar and stored mainly in the liver and muscles. It is used when the body’s blood glucose level is low.

Answer 8

glycogen

Question 9

when hydrogen is added to a fat originated by vegetables (unsaturated fat) to make it more saturated or solid

Answer 9

hydrogenation

Question 10

a measurement of energy

Answer 10

kilocalorie

Question 11

organic substances of a fatty nature that are insoluble in water and necessary for good health examples are fats and cholesterol

Answer 11

lipids

Question 12

molecules made of lipids surrounded by protein

Answer 12

lipoprotein

Question 13

is also known as nitrogen equilibrium and is achieved when the amount of nitrogen (protein) taken in is equal to the amount of nitrogen excreted in the urine.

Answer 13

nitrogen balance

Question 14

a chemical compound or element necessary for good health that is found in food.

Answer 14

nutrient

Question 15

a progressive macrocytic megaloblastic anemia that can be treated by b12 injections for life.

Answer 15

pernicious anemia

Question 16

a feeling of fullness and satisfaction from food which can be provided by dietary fat

Answer 16

satiety

Question 17

a strict vegetarian diet that excludes all animal products, and mire planning is required to obtain sufficient protein

Answer 17

vegan

Question 18

1. Refers to a set of nutrient-based values that serve for assessing and planning diets, helps individuals optimize their health, prevents disease, recommends avoiding and/or consuming too much of a nutrient, and has replaced the recommended dietary allowance

Answer 18

Dietary Reference Intake (DRI)

Question 19

The six classes of essential nutrients

Answer 19

Carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and water

Question 20

List the three major functions of nutrients

Answer 20

1. Provide energy, 2. Build and repair tissue, 3. Regulate body processes

Question 21

A measurement of energy

Answer 21

kilocalorie (kcal)

Question 22

What there essential nutrients provide energy

Answer 22

carbohydrates, fats, proteins

Question 23

Carbohydrate and proteins provide approximately ____kcal/g

Answer 23

4

Question 24

7. Fats provide approximately ___kcal/g

Answer 24

9

Question 25

8. _______% of an adult’s total calorie intake should be in the form of carbohydrates, and added sugars should be limited to no more then ___%.

Answer 25

45-65 ; 8

Question 26

______ is a simple sugar and is stored mainly in the liver and muscles. Also called animal starch

Answer 26

Glycogen

Question 27

Fat that helps insulate the body from temperature extremes and serves as a cushion to protect organs and other tissues from being bumped or jarred is

Answer 27

adipose tissue

Question 28

tends to increase blood cholesterol levels and increases the risk for atherosclerosis and heart disease.

Answer 28

Saturated fats

Question 29

____ is the buildup of fatty deposits on the artery walls

Answer 29

Atherosclerosis

Question 30

In order for fat to be digested, it must be broken into smaller globules, which means _____

Answer 30

it must be emulsified so the body can break down and absorb them

Question 31

is a secretion of the liver and is necessary to emulsify fat

Answer 31

Bile

Question 32

15. There are approximately 20 and they are called the building blocks of protein____

Answer 32

amino acids

Question 33

When the body is building more tissue then it is breaking down and is seen in periods of infancy, childhood, adolescence, and pregnancy___

Answer 33

anabolism

Question 34

What must be present in order for vitamin B12 to be absorbed?

Answer 34

intrinsic factor which is produced in the lower portion of the stomach

Question 35

Treatment of pernicious anemia consists of ___

Answer 35

vitamin b12 injections for life

Question 36

Vitamin K plays a role in ____

Answer 36

blood clotting

Question 37

What are the 2 forms of Vitamin K?

Answer 37

one is present in green leafy vegetables and the other one is made by intestinal bacteria

Question 38

Excess sodium has the potential to be harmful to health and can cause

Answer 38

hypertension and edema.

Question 39

Patients taking potassium-wasting diuretics may be at risk for developing

Answer 39

hypokalemia

Question 40

What Vitamin is thought to greatly reduce the risk of neural tube defects such as spina bifida?

Answer 40

folic acid (folate)

Question 41

24. Lactating woman need to increase their caloric intake by ___kcal/day

Answer 41

500

Question 42

Why is rice cereal introduced during infancy before other sold foods?

Answer 42

Rice cereal is less allergenic than most other foods

Question 43

At what age is iron-fortified rice cereal introduced?

Answer 43

Approximately 4-6 months of age