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2023: Animal Nutrition > Nutrition Midterm > Flashcards

Nutrition Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

What influences Palatability?

A

Odor, temperature, texture, shape, fat content, water content, salt content

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2
Q

What are Macronutrients?

A

Supply energy - Carbs, Protein, Fat

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3
Q

What are Micronutrients?

A

Don’t supply energy - Vitamins, Minerals, Water

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4
Q

How do animals excrete water?

A

Urination, Defecation, Respiration

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5
Q

What are water-soluble vitamins?

A

C, B

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6
Q

What are fat-soluble vitamins?

A

A,D,E,K

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7
Q

Where are fat-soluble vitamins stored?

A

Liver, Fat

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8
Q

Define By-Product

A

The non-rendered, clean parts, other than meat, derived from slaughtered mammals

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9
Q

Define Cachexia

A

Muscle wasting due to disease

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10
Q

Define Sarcopenia

A

Loss of muscle mass unrelated to disease

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11
Q

What percentage of daily calories can come from treats?

A

10%

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12
Q

What is the formula to calculate RER?

A

70(BW in kg)^0.75

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13
Q

What is the formula for daily water intake?

A

1.6 x RER or, 60-80ml/kg per day 

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14
Q

What are the most energy demanding life-stages?

A

Growth, Gestation, Lactation

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15
Q

What is the rate of recurrence of urinary stones in cats?

A

50%

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16
Q

What percent of dehydration puts an animal at risk for death?

A

15%

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17
Q

What is the primary site for water absorption?

A

Large Intestine

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18
Q

What is the primary site for nutrient absorption and digestion?

A

The small intestines

19
Q

What percentage of birthweight should newborn puppies gain daily?

A

10-15%

20
Q

What is the average gestation period for dogs?

A

~63 days

21
Q

How is FIC diagnosed?

A

Diagnosis of exclusion

22
Q

What ingredients need to be reduced with kidney disease?

A

Phosphorous, Sodium, Protein

23
Q

What are common risk factors associated with raw feeding?

A

Bacterial contamination, Foreign body ingestion, nutritional imbalance, immune-compromised people or animals in the house

24
Q

The digestive tract is responsible for

A

Ingestion, digestion, absorption, metabolism, excretion

25
Q

Define Digestibility

A

Amount of nutrients in a food available for absorption after digestion

26
Q

What parts of the digestive tract are responsible for mechanical digestion?

A

Mouth (mastication), GI movements (peristalsis)

27
Q

What dietary option is the most appropriate for an elimination diet trial and why?

A

Hydrolyzed diet - proteins are broken down small enough to not elicit an allergic response from the body

28
Q

What WBC is responsible for causing the itch response?

A

Mast cells

29
Q

On a BCS from 1-9, where should an animal be for ideal body condition?

A

4 - 5

30
Q

On a BCS from 1-9, at which number is an animal considered overweight?

A

6

31
Q

What are the 3 ways to evaluate BCS?

A

Abdominal tuck, palpable waist, palpable ribs under a thin layer of fat

32
Q

What are the key benefits to a therapeutic urinary diet?

A

Controlled mineral content, dilution of the bladder to flush out debris, controlled pH to prevent crystal precipitation

33
Q

FLUTD (LUTS) occurs most commonly in cats between what age?

A

2y - 6y

34
Q

What are the sections of the small intestine?

A

Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum

35
Q

What are the sections of the large intestine?

A

cecum, colon, rectum, anus

36
Q

What does an AAFCO statement tell us about our pet food?

A

Ensures that manufactured pet foods are formulated, or test fed to be complete and balanced and that they meet the animal’s needs for their life-stage

37
Q

What are some benefits of dietary Carbohydrates?

A

Fast energy source, provides fiber to feed healthy gut bacteria

38
Q

Soluble fiber does what?

A

Absorbs water, increases satiety, regulates motility, helps with constipation

39
Q

Insoluble fiber does what?

A

Does not absorb water, increases satiety, increases fecal bulk, stimulates motility

40
Q

What are some benefits of dietary fats?

A

Improves palatability, carries fat-soluble vitamins, provides dense energy, skin and coat health, decreases inflammation, aids in brain development

41
Q

What are some benefits of dietary protein?

A

Build and repair tissues, provides essential amino acids, creates enzymes and hormones

42
Q

What are the 2 most common crystals/stones found in dogs and cats?

A

Struvite and Calcium Oxalate

43
Q

After whelping, how long does it take for Colostrum to change into milk?

A

24h, important for puppies to latch and nurse within this time to get the nutrients and immunity from colostrum

44
Q

Which nutrients are important to limit in therapeutic renal diets?

A

Phosphorous, Protein, Sodium

2023: Animal Nutrition (2 decks)

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