Nutrition Midterm Flashcards
What influences Palatability?
Odor, temperature, texture, shape, fat content, water content, salt content
What are Macronutrients?
Supply energy - Carbs, Protein, Fat
What are Micronutrients?
Don’t supply energy - Vitamins, Minerals, Water
How do animals excrete water?
Urination, Defecation, Respiration
What are water-soluble vitamins?
C, B
What are fat-soluble vitamins?
A,D,E,K
Where are fat-soluble vitamins stored?
Liver, Fat
Define By-Product
The non-rendered, clean parts, other than meat, derived from slaughtered mammals
Define Cachexia
Muscle wasting due to disease
Define Sarcopenia
Loss of muscle mass unrelated to disease
What percentage of daily calories can come from treats?
10%
What is the formula to calculate RER?
70(BW in kg)^0.75
What is the formula for daily water intake?
1.6 x RER or, 60-80ml/kg per day
What are the most energy demanding life-stages?
Growth, Gestation, Lactation
What is the rate of recurrence of urinary stones in cats?
50%
What percent of dehydration puts an animal at risk for death?
15%
What is the primary site for water absorption?
Large Intestine
What is the primary site for nutrient absorption and digestion?
The small intestines
What percentage of birthweight should newborn puppies gain daily?
10-15%
What is the average gestation period for dogs?
~63 days
How is FIC diagnosed?
Diagnosis of exclusion
What ingredients need to be reduced with kidney disease?
Phosphorous, Sodium, Protein
What are common risk factors associated with raw feeding?
Bacterial contamination, Foreign body ingestion, nutritional imbalance, immune-compromised people or animals in the house
The digestive tract is responsible for
Ingestion, digestion, absorption, metabolism, excretion
Define Digestibility
Amount of nutrients in a food available for absorption after digestion
What parts of the digestive tract are responsible for mechanical digestion?
Mouth (mastication), GI movements (peristalsis)
What dietary option is the most appropriate for an elimination diet trial and why?
Hydrolyzed diet - proteins are broken down small enough to not elicit an allergic response from the body
What WBC is responsible for causing the itch response?
Mast cells
On a BCS from 1-9, where should an animal be for ideal body condition?
4 - 5
On a BCS from 1-9, at which number is an animal considered overweight?
6
What are the 3 ways to evaluate BCS?
Abdominal tuck, palpable waist, palpable ribs under a thin layer of fat
What are the key benefits to a therapeutic urinary diet?
Controlled mineral content, dilution of the bladder to flush out debris, controlled pH to prevent crystal precipitation
FLUTD (LUTS) occurs most commonly in cats between what age?
2y - 6y
What are the sections of the small intestine?
Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum
What are the sections of the large intestine?
cecum, colon, rectum, anus
What does an AAFCO statement tell us about our pet food?
Ensures that manufactured pet foods are formulated, or test fed to be complete and balanced and that they meet the animal’s needs for their life-stage
What are some benefits of dietary Carbohydrates?
Fast energy source, provides fiber to feed healthy gut bacteria
Soluble fiber does what?
Absorbs water, increases satiety, regulates motility, helps with constipation
Insoluble fiber does what?
Does not absorb water, increases satiety, increases fecal bulk, stimulates motility
What are some benefits of dietary fats?
Improves palatability, carries fat-soluble vitamins, provides dense energy, skin and coat health, decreases inflammation, aids in brain development
What are some benefits of dietary protein?
Build and repair tissues, provides essential amino acids, creates enzymes and hormones
What are the 2 most common crystals/stones found in dogs and cats?
Struvite and Calcium Oxalate
After whelping, how long does it take for Colostrum to change into milk?
24h, important for puppies to latch and nurse within this time to get the nutrients and immunity from colostrum
Which nutrients are important to limit in therapeutic renal diets?
Phosphorous, Protein, Sodium
