Nutrition Midterm Flashcards
What influences Palatability?
Odor, temperature, texture, shape, fat content, water content, salt content
What are Macronutrients?
Supply energy - Carbs, Protein, Fat
What are Micronutrients?
Don’t supply energy - Vitamins, Minerals, Water
How do animals excrete water?
Urination, Defecation, Respiration
What are water-soluble vitamins?
C, B
What are fat-soluble vitamins?
A,D,E,K
Where are fat-soluble vitamins stored?
Liver, Fat
Define By-Product
The non-rendered, clean parts, other than meat, derived from slaughtered mammals
Define Cachexia
Muscle wasting due to disease
Define Sarcopenia
Loss of muscle mass unrelated to disease
What percentage of daily calories can come from treats?
10%
What is the formula to calculate RER?
70(BW in kg)^0.75
What is the formula for daily water intake for canines?
1.6 x RER or, 60-80ml/kg per day
What are the most energy demanding life-stages?
Growth, Gestation, Lactation
What is the rate of recurrence of urinary stones in cats?
50%
What percent of dehydration puts an animal at risk for death?
15%
What is the primary site for water absorption?
Large Intestine
What is the primary site for nutrient absorption and digestion?
The small intestines
What percentage of birthweight should newborn puppies gain daily?
10-15%
What is the average gestation period for dogs?
~63 days
How is FIC diagnosed?
Diagnosis of exclusion
What ingredients need to be reduced with kidney disease?
Phosphorous, Sodium, Protein
What are common risk factors associated with raw feeding?
Bacterial contamination, Foreign body ingestion, nutritional imbalance, immune-compromised people or animals in the house
The digestive tract is responsible for
Ingestion, digestion, absorption, metabolism, excretion
Define Digestibility
Amount of nutrients in a food available for absorption after digestion
What parts of the digestive tract are responsible for mechanical digestion?
Mouth (mastication), GI movements (peristalsis)
On a BCS from 1-9, where should an animal be for ideal body condition?
4 - 5
What are the 3 ways to evaluate BCS?
Abdominal tuck, palpable waist, palpable ribs under a thin layer of fat
What are the key benefits to a therapeutic urinary diet?
Controlled mineral content, dilution of the bladder to flush out debris, controlled pH to prevent crystal precipitation
LUTS occurs most commonly in cats between what age?
2y - 6y
What are the sections of the small intestine?
Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum
What are the sections of the large intestine?
cecum, colon, rectum, anus
What does an AAFCO statement tell us about our pet food?
Ensures that manufactured pet foods are formulated, or test fed to be complete and balanced and that they meet the animal’s needs for their life-stage
What are some benefits of dietary Carbohydrates?
Fast energy source, provides fiber to feed healthy gut bacteria
Soluble fiber does what?
Absorbs water, increases satiety, regulates motility, helps with constipation
Insoluble fiber does what?
Does not absorb water, increases satiety, increases fecal bulk, stimulates motility
What are some benefits of dietary fats?
Improves palatability, carries fat-soluble vitamins, provides dense energy, skin and coat health, decreases inflammation, aids in brain development
What are some benefits of dietary protein?
Build and repair tissues, provides essential amino acids, creates enzymes and hormones
What are the 2 most common crystals/stones found in dogs and cats?
Struvite and Calcium Oxalate
After whelping, how long does it take for Colostrum to change into milk?
24h, important for puppies to latch and nurse within this time to get the nutrients and immunity from colostrum
What is the calculation for daily water intake for Felines?
1.2 x RER or 50ml/kg/day
What feeding method allows the pet to eat as much as they like in a set amount of time? (ex., 5 minutes)
Time Restricted Feeding
What feeding method allows a pet to eat as much as they like, as often as they like?
Ad-lib, or Free Feeding
What feeding method helps to control the daily number of calories consumed, while also monitoring changes in appetite?
Meal Feeding - this is the preferred feeding method for cats and dogs.
