Nutrition L 52 Flashcards by Lama Noureddine

How many essential fatty acids are there?
What are they?
How much essential FA are required in the diet?

1) 2
2) Lineloic and Linelonic Acid
If lineloic Acid is absent, arachidonic Acid becomes essential
3) 3-6 g

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How much Fe is recommended?

10 mg

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how much fibers do we need?

30-50g/day

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How much folic acid do we need in the diet?

400 micro gram

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How much Niacin is recommended?

19 mg

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How much Vitamin D do we need in the diet?

5-20 micro gram?

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How much Vitamin K do we need in the diet?

80 micro gram

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Is legnin a polysaccharide?

No! It is a fiber though

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Order of magnitude for Ca and P?

800 mg

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Order of magnitude for Fe

8-10 mg for femals andless for males

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Order of magnitude for Mg

350 mg

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Order of magnitude in ug

Co, I, Cr, Cu

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Order of magnitude of F

3-4 mg (small)

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Order of magnitude for Co

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Symptoms of Kwashiorkor

swollen abdomen (edema bc liver cannot synthesize proteins)
thin limbs
Skin Lesions
Depigmented hair

1) Physical
edema, swollen abdomen, failure to gain weight, decreased muscl mass, stopped linear growth, diarrhea, depigmentation of the skin (bc melanin is not a priority protein to make), reddish pigmentation of the hair

2) Mental: Apathy, lethargy ( no E), irritability might go to coma)
3) Physiological: fatty liver, anemia (we cannot make Hb)

Might lead to shock, coma and death
Tx: progressive reintroduction of proteins but some damages are irriversible

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Symptoms of Marasmus?

Weakness, emaciation, growth arrest

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What are macronutrients?

fat (9cal/g)
proteins (4cal/g)
carbs (4 cal/g)

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What are the dietary requirement for proteins?

0.8g/kg of body fat ~ 56g

What are the dietary requirements for Carbs?

364g or about 40-60% of the total calories

What are the dietary requirements for fats?

80 g

What are the vitamins required in 1-2 mg?

1) Riboflavin
2) Thiamine
3) Pyridoxine
4) Vitamin A

What dictates the energy requirement?

1) BMR (1800 70kg and 1300 50kg)
2) Thermin Effect (5-10%) -> Heat from digestion
3) Exercice can vary from 30-50% BMR (Sedentary) to 100% BMR for active

What do we know about trans fatty acids?

1) They resemble unsaturated FA bc they are linear and bc they harm the CV system
2) They are a > MP
3) They have a longer shelf life

What is a + N balance?

When we eat more proteins than we excrete

ex: When we are growing, we do not break down as much protein in the body as we are making

What is a - N balance?

When we excrete more aa than we eat That can be seen in cases of malnutrition where the body is not getting the essential aa that it needs to that it breaks down its own proteins

WHat is Glycemic Index?

A system that ranks foods on a scale from 1 to 100 based on their effect on blood-sugar levels

What is the dietary req for P/Ca?

800 mg

What is the dietary requirement for choline? | Why is choline important?

500 mg

What is the disease where we have lack of protein and calories?

Marasmus

What is the disease where we have lack of protein but adequate diet?

Kwarshiokov

What is the non-metric way to calculate BMI?

BMI= lbs x 705 / in^2 (1ft=12in)

What is the order of magnitude for Na, K, Cl

grams

What is the recommended Dietary Comp?

1) Carbs: 58%-73% 2) Fats: ~30% 3) Protein ~12%

what is the Vitamin w/ the highest requirement?

Vit C ~ 60 mg

What is the Vitamin with the Lowest requirement?

Vit B12 with 3ug

What is the vitamine required in 10 mg?

Vitamin E

What should we have the most in our diet?

Grains > dairy > Vegetables > Fruits

Which Aritficial sweetner contains Phe?

Aspartame and Neotame | can lead to formaldehyde from methanol

Which artificial sweetner contain Cl-sucrose?

Sucralose (splenda)

Which artificial sweetner should be avoided by people w PKU?

Aspartame and Neotame

Why are Carbs Protein Sparing?

Bc from glucose we can make non-essential amino acids when we need them so we would not have to break down body proteins

Why are fibers beneficial?

1) increase stool motility 2) decrease risk of colon cancer 3) decrease rik of diverticulosis (forming saches in GI tract)

Why is a fiber excess bad?

Decrease absorption of fat soluble vitamine

Why is cellulose not digested by humans?

Bc the glucose are linked in beta 1-4 glucosidic link