Nutrition in plants and animals Flashcards
What is nutrition
the process by which organisms acquire and assimilate nutrients
differentiate between autotrophism and heterotrophism
Autotrophism is a mode of nutrition that involves living organisms manufacturing complex food substances from simple substances while heterotrophism involves taking in complex food substances from plants and animals
photosynthesis and chemosynthesis?
photosynthesis is the process by which green plants manufacture their own food from simple substances while chemosynthesis is a process in which non green plants obtain energy from the oxidation of chemicals
name three cells in a leaf that contain chloroplasts
palisade mesophyll cells
spongy mesophyll cels
guard cells
what are the raw materials needed for photosyntheis
water
carbon iv oxide
what happens in the light stage[grana} Photolysis of water
chlorophyll absorbs light which is used to split water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen atoms. hydrogen goes to the dark stage and oxygen is released as a waste product. some light is used in production of ATP used in dark stage
what happens in dark stage{stroma} carbon iv oxide fixation
co2 + 4h———(CH2O)n +H2O
what are he factors affecting the rate of photosynthesis
light intensity
carbon iv oxide concentration
temperature
water
xtics of monosaccharides
reducing sugars
soluble in water
sweet tasting
when mixed with benedicts solution and heated the copper ii sulphate is reduced to red copper i oxide
role of monosaccharides
are oxidised to release energy
are condensed to form polysaccharides eg starch,cellulose, glycogen
summary of disaccharides
non-reducing
sucrose+water=glucose+fructose[hydrolysis]
hydrolisis occurs by heating dilute HCl
summary of lipids
formed by three fatty acids and glycerol
tests are susan iii dye, grease spot, emulsion
functions of lipids
source of energy source of metabolic water protection heat insulation as structural compounds
If glycerol is the same in all lipids, why is corn oil different from coconut oil?
xtics of proteins
form colloidal suspension
denatured by temperatures above 40
amphoteric, both acidic and basic properties
combine with non protein to form conjugated proteins
differentiate between structural proteins and functional
sturctural protein determine the structure of the cell eg keratin while functional determine the function of the cell eg enzymes and hormones
factors affecting the rate of enzyme controlled reactions
ph specificity substrate and enzyme concentration enzyme cofactors eg magnesium,zinc,iron co enzymes eg vitamins
how does substrate concentration affect enzymatic reaction
increase in substrate concentration increases the rate of enzyme reaction. further increase does not increase the rate of enzyme reaction. this is because all active sites have been occupied meaning the number of enzyme molecule becoming the limiting factor.
what is the work of enzyme cofactors and coenzymes
cofactors activate enzymes eg magnesium, iron while coenzymes work in association with particular enzymes eg vitamins
how do competitive inhibitors work
closely related to normal substrate similar shapes to substrates compete for active sites not permanent to overcome,increase the substrate conc
how do incompetitive inhibitors work
combine permanently with enzyme thus blocking active sites blocking interaction with substrate eg cyanide, mercury
what is holozoic nutrition
type of nutrition where solid complex substances are ingested, digested and assimilated into the body
saprophytisim
type of nutrition where organisms obtain nutrients from dead decaying matter causing decomposition
parasitism
this is an association where one organism feeds on or obtains nutrients from tissues of another organism
