Nutrition in plants and animals

Question 1

What is nutrition

Answer 1

the process by which organisms acquire and assimilate nutrients

Question 2

differentiate between autotrophism and heterotrophism

Answer 2

Autotrophism is a mode of nutrition that involves living organisms manufacturing complex food substances from simple substances while heterotrophism involves taking in complex food substances from plants and animals

Question 3

photosynthesis and chemosynthesis?

Answer 3

photosynthesis is the process by which green plants manufacture their own food from simple substances while chemosynthesis is a process in which non green plants obtain energy from the oxidation of chemicals

Question 4

name three cells in a leaf that contain chloroplasts

Answer 4

palisade mesophyll cells
spongy mesophyll cels
guard cells

Question 5

what are the raw materials needed for photosyntheis

Answer 5

water

carbon iv oxide

Question 6

what happens in the light stage[grana} Photolysis of water

Answer 6

chlorophyll absorbs light which is used to split water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen atoms. hydrogen goes to the dark stage and oxygen is released as a waste product. some light is used in production of ATP used in dark stage

Question 7

what happens in dark stage{stroma} carbon iv oxide fixation

Answer 7

co2 + 4h———(CH2O)n +H2O

Question 8

what are he factors affecting the rate of photosynthesis

Answer 8

light intensity
carbon iv oxide concentration
temperature
water

Question 9

xtics of monosaccharides

Answer 9

reducing sugars
soluble in water
sweet tasting
when mixed with benedicts solution and heated the copper ii sulphate is reduced to red copper i oxide

Question 10

role of monosaccharides

Answer 10

are oxidised to release energy

are condensed to form polysaccharides eg starch,cellulose, glycogen

Question 11

summary of disaccharides

Answer 11

non-reducing
sucrose+water=glucose+fructose[hydrolysis]
hydrolisis occurs by heating dilute HCl

Question 12

summary of lipids

Answer 12

formed by three fatty acids and glycerol

tests are susan iii dye, grease spot, emulsion

Question 13

functions of lipids

Answer 13

source of energy
source of metabolic water
protection
heat insulation
as structural compounds

Question 14

If glycerol is the same in all lipids, why is corn oil different from coconut oil?

Question 15

xtics of proteins

Answer 15

form colloidal suspension
denatured by temperatures above 40
amphoteric, both acidic and basic properties
combine with non protein to form conjugated proteins

Question 16

differentiate between structural proteins and functional

Answer 16

sturctural protein determine the structure of the cell eg keratin while functional determine the function of the cell eg enzymes and hormones

Question 17

factors affecting the rate of enzyme controlled reactions

Answer 17

ph
specificity
substrate and enzyme concentration
enzyme cofactors eg magnesium,zinc,iron
co enzymes eg vitamins

Question 18

how does substrate concentration affect enzymatic reaction

Answer 18

increase in substrate concentration increases the rate of enzyme reaction. further increase does not increase the rate of enzyme reaction. this is because all active sites have been occupied meaning the number of enzyme molecule becoming the limiting factor.

Question 19

what is the work of enzyme cofactors and coenzymes

Answer 19

cofactors activate enzymes eg magnesium, iron while coenzymes work in association with particular enzymes eg vitamins

Question 20

how do competitive inhibitors work

Answer 20

closely related to normal substrate
similar shapes to substrates
compete for active sites 
not permanent
to overcome,increase the substrate conc

Question 21

how do incompetitive inhibitors work

Answer 21

combine permanently with enzyme thus blocking active sites blocking interaction with substrate eg cyanide, mercury

Question 22

what is holozoic nutrition

Answer 22

type of nutrition where solid complex substances are ingested, digested and assimilated into the body

Question 23

saprophytisim

Answer 23

type of nutrition where organisms obtain nutrients from dead decaying matter causing decomposition

Question 24

parasitism

Answer 24

this is an association where one organism feeds on or obtains nutrients from tissues of another organism

Question 25

symbiosis

Answer 25

an association where two organisms live together and mutually benefit from each other

Question 26

describe dentition

Answer 26

description of types of teeth, their arrangement and specialisation