Nutrition In Health And Chronic Disease

Question 1

Digestion

Answer 1

The processes by which food and its components are broken down chemically and mechanically into units that can be absorbed

Question 2

Absorption

Answer 2

The transport of nutrients from the intestinal lumen into small intestine cells, and then into either the blood or the lymph.

Question 3

Transportation

Answer 3

The movement of nutrients from one site to another within the body usually within the bloodstream, but can occur within the lymphatic system for fat-soluble substances after their absorption.

Question 4

Excretion

Answer 4

The illumination of waste from cellular metabolism from the body by respiration (breathing) skin secretions (sweating) and urinary output controlled by the kidneys, in addition to the elimination of solid waste from the G.I. tract (feces).

Question 5

Bolus

Answer 5

A chewed, softened mass of ingested food that is swallowed and propelled through the esophagus to the stomach

Question 6

Esophagus

Answer 6

Muscular tube that carries the bolus and fluids from the mouth to the stomach.

Question 7

Stomach

Answer 7

A large muscular sac like organ of the digestive system or chemical and mechanical digestion occurs; the mixing of the bolus with gastric acid and enzymes and the churning due to muscle contractions produces a liquid mixture called chyme

Question 8

Gastric acid

Answer 8

An acidic secretion containing Hydrochloric acid; produced by the cells of the stomach

Question 9

Chyme

Answer 9

A liquefied, partly consumed substance that is made in the stomach and released into the small intestine after bolus processing.

Question 10

Gaseous

Answer 10

Of or pertaining to gas; a substance in vapor form. Excretion through the lungs.

Question 11

Aqueous

Answer 11

Of or pertaining to water and water-soluble body secretions. Excretion through the kidneys and skin.

Question 12

Sebaceous

Answer 12

Of or pertaining to fat and fat-soluble body secretions.

Excretion through the skin.

Question 13

Digestive system

Answer 13

Collectively, the organs and processes associated with the ingestion, digestion, absorption, and excretion of food.

Question 14

Mechanical digestion

Answer 14

The part of the digestive process that is mechanical uses muscles and nerves to create movement. Examples include chewing and muscular stomach contractions that mix and turn the chyme.

Question 15

Peristalsis

Answer 15

Waves of circular muscular contractions in the G.I. tract that are controlled by the autonomic nervous system and propel food along the entire G.I. tract.

Question 16

Autonomic nervous system

Answer 16

The part of the central nervous system that regulates involuntary vital functions.

Question 17

Mastication

Answer 17

The act of mechanical digestion, accomplished by chewing food to soften it for swollen.

Question 18

Hormones

Answer 18

An active chemical substance formed in one part of the body and carried to another part of the body to alter cellular behavior or activity.

Question 19

Chemical digestion

Answer 19

Chemical digestion refers to the use of chemical substances that are needed to break down food such as enzymes, hormones, hydrochloric acid, and sodium bicarbonate.

Question 20

Hydrochloric acid

Answer 20

An acid secreted by the stomach that causes protein denaturation and aids digestion.