Nutrition Important Terms

Question 1

albumin

Answer 1

the most common protein found in blood plasma

Question 2

anabolism

Answer 2

constructive metabolism characterized by conversion of simple substances into more complex compounds of living matter

Question 3

anthropometry

Answer 3

measurement of various body parts to determine nutritional and caloric status, muscular development, brain growth, and other parameters

Question 4

basal metabolic rate (BMR)

Answer 4

amount of energy used in a unit of time by a fasting, resting subject to maintain vital functions

Question 5

body mass index (BMI)

Answer 5

weight (kg) / height squared (m²)

Question 6

carbohydrates

Answer 6

dietary classification of foods comprising sugars, starches, cellulose, and gum

Question 7

catabolism

Answer 7

breakdown of body tissue into simpler substances

Question 8

chyme

Answer 8

an acidic liquefied mass formed from digestion in the stomach

Question 9

dietary reference intake (DRI)

Answer 9

information on each vitamin or mineral to reflect a range of minimum-to-maximum amounts that avert deficiency or toxicity

Question 10

dispensable amino acids

Answer 10

amino acids synthesized by the body

Question 11

dysphagia

Answer 11

difficulty swallowing

Question 12

fat-soluble vitamins

Answer 12

A, D, E, K
remember water soluble vitamins are anything that isn’t these

Question 13

fiber

Answer 13

a polysaccharide that cannot be broken down by our digestive enzymes

Question 14

indispensable amino acids

Answer 14

amino acids not synthesized by the body

Question 15

insulin

Answer 15

hormone produced in pancreas which regulate amount of glucose in blood

Question 16

ketones

Answer 16

used for energy when dietary carbohydrates (glucose) are not adequate

Question 17

kilocalorie (kcal)

Answer 17

energy content of food

Question 18

lipids

Answer 18

the most calorie dense nutrient (9 kcal/g)
composed of triglycerides and fatty acids

Question 19

macromineral

Answer 19

minerals with daily requirement of 100mg or more

Question 20

metabolism

Answer 20

all chemical processes that take place in living organisms

Question 21

nutrient density

Answer 21

proportion of essential nutrients to the number of kilocalories

Question 22

resting energy expenditure (REE)

Answer 22

amount of energy you need to consume over a 24-hour period for your body to maintain its internal working activities while at rest

Question 23

simple carb

Answer 23

monosaccharides and disaccharides

Question 24

trace elements

Answer 24

minerals with daily requirement of less than 100mg

Question 25

vitamins

Answer 25

organic compounds essential in small quantities for normal physiological and metabolic function. with few exceptions, cannot be synthesized by body