Nutrition for health

Question 1

Four tenants of a healthy diet

Answer 1

Adequacy
* Balance
* Moderation
* Variety

Question 2

Metabolism

Answer 2

Chemical pathways (ex. Glycolysis) that enable the human body obtain and use energy from food (ex. Glycolysis–breakdown of glucose)

These metabolic chemical pathways sustain life and enable bodily function
* Most metabolic chemical reactions require enzymes
* Enzymes generally need cofactors to function
* Coenzymes (ex. B vitamins) are a group of organic cofactors that assist in many metabolic pathways

Question 3

Catabolism

Answer 3

Metabolic pathways that break down larger molecules into smaller ones
* Ex. Lipolysis – digestive breakdown of triglycerides into free fatty acids and glycerol
* Ex. Glycolysis – metabolic conversion of glucose into energy (ATP) and metabolic by products

Question 4

Anabolism

Answer 4

Metabolic pathways that build larger molecules from smaller ones
Requires energy, which is supplied by catabolic processes
* Ex. Muscle protein synthesis - muscle protein repair

Question 5

Energy balance

Answer 5

• State of caloric equilibrium
• Quantity of consumed calories is equal to the quantity of calories used

Question 6

BASAL METABOLIC RATE(BMR)

Answer 6

The number of calories you burn as your body performs basic (basal) life-sustaining function.

• Ex.You have a fast metabolism!

Body composition, age, and sex

Question 7

Estimated energy requirements(EER)

Answer 7

An EER is defined as the average dietary energy intake that is predicted to maintain energy balance in healthy, normal weight individuals of a defined age, sex, weight, height, and level of physical activity consistent with good health.

Question 8

Total Daily Energy Expenditure (TDEE)

Answer 8

is the total number of calories that your body expends in 24 hours, including all activities. TDEE considers
Basal metabolic rate
* Physical activity
* Height
* Weight
* Age

Question 9

Body composition

Answer 9

Relative measurement of body tissues expressed as a percent body fat
* Percent adipose tissue

Question 10

Adipose tissue

Answer 10

Also known as body fat
* Connective tissue composed of fat cells(ie.Adipocytes) that function in fat storage

Question 11

Visceral fat

Answer 11

Adipose tissue surrounding and between organs

Question 12

Subcutaneous fat

Answer 12

Adipose tissue underneath the skin

Question 13

Metabolic syndrome

Answer 13

a cluster of conditions including increased blood pressure, high blood sugar, excess body fat around the waist (ie. Visceralfat), and abnormal cholesterol or triglyceride levels.

Metabolic syndrome is closely linked to overweight or obesity and inactivity.
* These conditions, together or alone, increase the risk of developing heart disease, stroke and type 2 diabetes

Question 14

Insulin Resistance

Answer 14

is when cells in your muscles, fat, and liver don’t respond well to insulin and can’t easily take up glucose from your blood

If your cells become too resistant to insulin, it leads to elevated blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia), which, over time, leads to prediabetes and Type 2 diabetes

Question 15

Obesity

Answer 15

characterized by excessive and unhealthy amounts of body fat

Question 16

Obesity increases the risk of

Answer 16

Type 2 diabetes
* Coronary artery disease
* Stroke
* Certain cancers
* Insulin resistance
* Hypertension and allvascular diseases