Nutrition for cardiopulmonary conditions Flashcards
People with cystic fibrosis are always in a _______
Energy deficit
What is the protein requirement for individuals with respiratory failure?
1.5-2 g/kg/d
What percentage of kcals must come from fat for individuals with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome?
55%
What type of diet do those with Cystic Fibrosis need?
High calorie
High fat and protein
What micronutrient is essential to increase in those who smoke?
Vitamin C
Energy needs are based on ______ for those with COPD
WOB (work of breathing)
What do you want to avoid doing to those with COPD?
Overfeeding
What percentage of total intake must come from CHO and what percentage from FAT in those with COPD?
40-50% CHO
30-40% FAT
What should be restricted in those with edema?
Sodium and Fluid
What 2 diets are recommended for those with atherosclerosis, dyslipidemia, and hypertension?
DASH diet
Mediterranean diet
What should fiber intake be for those with atherosclerosis, dyslipidemia and hypertension?
25-30+ g/day
What is the omeg-3 recommendation for those with dyslipidemia, hypertension and atherosclerosis?
3.7 g/d
Sodium intake should be what for those with hypertension, dyslipidemia or atherosclerosis?
<2,300 mg/d
How many servings of fruits and vegetables should be consumed in those with hypertension, dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis?
8-10 servings
What supplement should be used if someone is taking statins?
CoQ10
What does DHA/EPA help with?
Decreasing RBC stickiness
Vasodilation
What is the premise of Mediterranean diet?
Minimally processed foods (more whole foods)
More fruits and vegetables
High in antioxidants and vitamins
Whole grains
Low fat foods
More restrictive protein options
DASH diet is an approach to treat _______
Hypertension
How does the DASH diet differ from the Mediterranean?
Allows more dairy and protein sources
What is prescribed for TG elevation?
Fish oil and niacin
<_____% or >____% IBW increases risk for infection, diabetes, morbidity and higher mortality
80, 140
What should individuals restrict pre-heart transplant?
Alcohol, smoking, sodium
What macronutrient is most important post-transplant? How much is needed?
Protein 1.3-2 g/kg/d
What can be exacerbated by surgical stress and immunosuppressive drugs?
Hyperglycemia
What should you monitor for abnormalities post-transplant?
Electrolytes
What are the affects of steroids? And what can be used to slow the affects?
Osteoporosis and blood glucose dysregulation
Vitamin D supplements and weight bearing exercise
What is important in preventing infection post-transplant?
Food safety (same as pregnant)
What is the main concern with patients that have Pneumonia? What can be done to avoid?
Aspiration
dysphagia diet
proper positioning
STRAW
What needs to be address nutritionally in those with asthma?
Dietary triggers (food allergies)
Side effects of corticosteroids taken by those with asthma.
Weight gain, osteopenia, calcium loss, hyperglycemia
Caffeine is considered a ________
Weak bronchodilator
How do antioxidants help those with COPD?
Decreases inflammation
_______________ can be used to increase appetite in those with CF
Appetite stimulants
What does Thiamin do and what condtion is it recommended for?
Improves L ventricular systolic function
Heart Failure
What should be avoided by those with heart failure?
Alcohol and tobacco
