Nutrition - Focused Review Flashcards
Client education (cancer): Describe three effects of cancer on nutrition
- Causes anorexia
- Increases metabolism
- Causes negative nitrogen balance
Client education (cancer): Describe three nutritional needs
- Increased calories (25 to 53 cal/kg)
- Increased protein (1 to 2.5g/kg)
- Vitamin and mineral supplementation
Client Education (cancer): Describe the activities that promote improves nutrition
- Eat more on days when feeling better
- Consume nutritional supplements that are high in protein and/or calories between meals and/or use as a meal replacement
- Substitute whole milk for water in recipes
- Add milk, chees, yogurt, or ice cream to foods when cooking
- Add peanut butter and yogurt as a spread/topping
- Coat meats in eggs, milk, and bread crumbs before cooking
- Treat cancer-associated complications (early satiety, anorexia, mouth ulcers, stomatitis, fatigue, food aversions, altered taste, thick saliva, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea)
Client Education (cancer): Describe the activities that promote improves nutrition
- Eat more on days when feeling better
- Consume nutritional supplements that are high in protein and/or calories between meals and/or use as a meal replacement
- Substitute whole milk for water in recipes
- Add milk, chees, yogurt, or ice cream to foods when cooking
- Add peanut butter and yogurt as a spread/topping
- Coat meats in eggs, milk, and bread crumbs before cooking
- Treat cancer-associated complications (early satiety, anorexia, mouth ulcers, stomatitis, fatigue, food aversions, altered taste, thick saliva, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea)
Describe the classic presentation pancreatitis
Severs, constant, knifelike pain (left upper quadrant, midepigastric, and/or radiating to the back
Describe four tests and expected findings (pancreatitis)
- Blood amylase (increase within 12 hr, remains increased for 4 days
- Blood lipase value (increases slowly and remains increased for up to 2 weeks
- Urine amylase remains increased for up to 2 weeks
- Increased WBC count due to inflammation/infection
- Decreased blood calcium and magnesium
- Blood liver enzymes and bilirubin increased with associated biliary dysfunction
- Blood glucose increased
Describe at least 6 nursing actions/interventions (pancreatitis)
- Maintain NPO status until the client is pain-free
- Administer total parenteral nutrition or jejunal feedings ) contraindicated if paralytic ileus develops)
- Maintain NG tube (for severe vomiting or paralytic ileus
- Resume diet beginning with bland, high-protein, low-fat foods, and no caffeine
- Plan small, frequent meals
- Administer antiemetics as needed
- Limit stress
- Provide pain management
- Remind the client to not consume alcohol or smoke
Optimal range for LDL?
Less than 130 mg/dL
Optimal total cholesterol level?
Less than 200 mg/dL
Alteration in health (diagnosis for hypertension)
Hypertension is a sustained elevation in blood pressure greater than or equal to 140/90 mmHg in clients less than age 60 and 150/90 mmHg in those older than 60
Describe the Dietary Approaches to Stopping Hypertension (DASH) diet and four nutrition teaching points to include
- The DASH diet is a low-sodium, high-potassium, high-calcium diet that has been proven to lower blood pressure and cholesterol
- Lower sodium intake (daily intake of less than 2,300 mg is recommended)
- Foods high in sodium include canned soups and sauces, potato chips, pretzels, smoked meats, seasonings, and processed foods
- Include low-fat dairy products to promote calcium uptake
- Include fruits and vegetables rich in potassium (apricots, bananas, tomatoes, potatoes)
- Limit alcohol intake
Numbness of the hands and feet are associated with which vitamin deficiency?
B12
What should the nurse know about phosphate levels?
- The nurse should identify that a phosphate level is used to adjust the diet of a client who has chronic kidney disease. The inability of the kidneys to metabolize vitamin D can lead to decreased levels of active vitamin D and calcium and increased phosphate levels. The nurse should instruct the client to avoid high-phosphorus foods, such as salmon and sunflower seeds
Nutritional range for protein consumption?
10% to 35%
Manifestations of hypoglycemia?
- Diaphoresis
- Weakness
- Shaking
- Dizziness
- Headache
- Confusion
The nurse should give the client 15g of readily absorbable carbohydrate, such as 1/2 cup of fruit juice of 2 tsp of sugar
