nutrition final Flashcards
Human body is _____% water
75
Intervertebral Discs mostly ___ & ____
water and proteoglycans
70-90% water in the
nucleus pulposus
60-70% water in the
annulus fibrosis
over time disks…
SHIRNK and lose hydration.
Water Scarcity
In N. America, southwest is drying up. All through Mexico has a lack of H2O,
and almost all of Africa mostly due to economic regions.
Animal Industry is a major waste of water – this causes runoff which also creates problems
Water per capita USA
147 gallons-day
Body has a natural water input/output.
Intake: Drink 1000, Food 1000, Metabolism 350
Output: Skin 500, Lung 400, Urine 1300, Colon 150 —- total 2350 mL
Water % during Aging
● Dehydration a basic part of aging
● 75% of body is water at birth
● About 60% by age 30 in females
● Disc is a major area of water dehydration
Water Intake
Dehydration occurs when water output exceeds input due to an
inadequate intake or excessive losses
1-1.5 mL/kcal for adults
approx 2-3 liters per 2000 calories
Adequate water Intake for males
3.7 L/day
Adequate water Intake for females
2.7 L/day
health effects of water
○ Protect the bladder, prostate, and breast against cancer
○ Protect against kidney stones
○ Protect against overeating when water is what we need
Trihalomethanes
interactions between Chlorine and inorganic materials, leaves, sewage, etc.
THM’s = Chloroform, Bromoform, etc - change to Chlorine or Bromine
Acid Base Balance
● Body must maintain appropriate balance
Building Glycogen
Magnesium, Potassium, Calcium, Chlorine
CA++ in the body
850-1200g
99% of CA is in the
Skeleton
OsteoBlasts
BUILD CA++ into bone
OsteoClasts
CUT CA++ out of bone
CA++ Blood levels
9-11 mg/ldl
Reservoir for Calcium
– trabecular bone → Calcium Mobilization
Bones are a reserve source of Calcium, and the body will take from it as necessary – lack of
Ca++ in the blood will cause clotting and the heart (which uses extracellular calcium) to stop
Controlled via hormones -
-parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Vitamin D and Calcitonin
Calcium rigor
develops when there are HIGH blood calcium levels - this causes
muscles to contract specifically in the heart and the heart may go into arrest
Calcium tetany
develops during LOW blood calcium levels and this can cause
uncontrolled muscle spasms
ICF
makes up 2/3 of the bodys water
Factors that enhance absorption
● Stomach Acid (so lay of ANTACIDS!) ● Vitamin D ● Lactose in babies ● Growth Hormones ● The body having a need for Calcium
Factors that inhibit Absorption
● Lack of stomach acid ● Vitamin D deficiency ● High Phosphorus intake ● High Fiber Diet ● Phytates in seeds, nuts and grains ● Oxalates in beet greens, rhubarb, and spinach ● High Fat Diet ● Increased GI Motility ● Caffeine and Other Drugs
Parathormone (Parathyroid)
“stimulate” osteoclasts
– takes Calcium from Bone INTO BLOOD
-stimulates the Osteoclasts by inhibiting Osteoblasts
Calcitonin
“stimulates” osteoblasts
“Calcitonin in the bonin”
-stimulates Osteoblasts by inhibiting Osteoclasts
Calcium Control in Bones -
using HORMONES
Vitamin D -
- This accelerates Calcium Absorption from the small intestines – the key is to raise
the blood calcium
Calcium Sources other than Dairy
ALMOST ALL VEGETABLES HAVE CALCIUM
● Nuts and Seeds
● Mustard, Turnip Greens, broccoli, bok choy, kale, parsley, watercress, seaweed
● Legumes
● Small Fish consumed with the bones
● Mineral Waters, fruit and vegetable juices
Osteoporosis and Bone Loss
8-9 leading cause of death in women. This is preventable due to nutrition, etc.
Exercise
one of the key preventers to osteoporosis - keeping the bones at stress on a
regular basis do increase bone density
