nutrition final

Question 1

Human body is _____% water

Answer 1

75

Question 2

Intervertebral Discs mostly ___ & ____

Answer 2

water and proteoglycans

Question 3

70-90% water in the

Answer 3

nucleus pulposus

Question 4

60-70% water in the

Answer 4

annulus fibrosis

Question 5

over time disks…

Answer 5

SHIRNK and lose hydration.

Question 6

Water Scarcity

Answer 6

In N. America, southwest is drying up. All through Mexico has a lack of H2O,
and almost all of Africa mostly due to economic regions.
Animal Industry is a major waste of water – this causes runoff which also creates problems

Question 7

Water per capita USA

Answer 7

147 gallons-day

Question 8

Body has a natural water input/output.

Answer 8

Intake: Drink 1000, Food 1000, Metabolism 350
Output: Skin 500, Lung 400, Urine 1300, Colon 150 —- total 2350 mL

Question 9

Water % during Aging

Answer 9

● Dehydration a basic part of aging
● 75% of body is water at birth
● About 60% by age 30 in females
● Disc is a major area of water dehydration

Question 10

Water Intake

Answer 10

Dehydration occurs when water output exceeds input due to an

inadequate intake or excessive losses

Question 11

1-1.5 mL/kcal for adults

Answer 11

approx 2-3 liters per 2000 calories

Question 12

Adequate water Intake for males

Answer 12

3.7 L/day

Question 13

Adequate water Intake for females

Answer 13

2.7 L/day

Question 14

health effects of water

Answer 14

○ Protect the bladder, prostate, and breast against cancer
○ Protect against kidney stones
○ Protect against overeating when water is what we need

Question 15

Trihalomethanes

Answer 15

interactions between Chlorine and inorganic materials, leaves, sewage, etc.
THM’s = Chloroform, Bromoform, etc - change to Chlorine or Bromine

Question 16

Acid Base Balance

Answer 16

● Body must maintain appropriate balance

Question 17

Building Glycogen

Answer 17

Magnesium, Potassium, Calcium, Chlorine

Question 18

CA++ in the body

Answer 18

850-1200g

Question 19

99% of CA is in the

Answer 19

Skeleton

Question 20

OsteoBlasts

Answer 20

BUILD CA++ into bone

Question 21

OsteoClasts

Answer 21

CUT CA++ out of bone

Question 22

CA++ Blood levels

Answer 22

9-11 mg/ldl

Question 23

Reservoir for Calcium

Answer 23

– trabecular bone → Calcium Mobilization
Bones are a reserve source of Calcium, and the body will take from it as necessary – lack of
Ca++ in the blood will cause clotting and the heart (which uses extracellular calcium) to stop

Question 24

Controlled via hormones -

Answer 24

-parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Vitamin D and Calcitonin

Question 25

Calcium rigor

Answer 25

develops when there are HIGH blood calcium levels - this causes
muscles to contract specifically in the heart and the heart may go into arrest

Question 26

Calcium tetany

Answer 26

develops during LOW blood calcium levels and this can cause

uncontrolled muscle spasms

Question 27

ICF

Answer 27

makes up 2/3 of the bodys water

Question 28

Factors that enhance absorption

Answer 28

● Stomach Acid (so lay of ANTACIDS!)
● Vitamin D
● Lactose in babies
● Growth Hormones
● The body having a need for Calcium

Question 29

Factors that inhibit Absorption

Answer 29

● Lack of stomach acid
● Vitamin D deficiency
● High Phosphorus intake
● High Fiber Diet
● Phytates in seeds, nuts and grains
● Oxalates in beet greens, rhubarb, and
spinach
● High Fat Diet
● Increased GI Motility
● Caffeine and Other Drugs

Question 30

Parathormone (Parathyroid)

Answer 30

“stimulate” osteoclasts

– takes Calcium from Bone INTO BLOOD

-stimulates the Osteoclasts by inhibiting Osteoblasts

Question 31

Calcitonin

Answer 31

“stimulates” osteoblasts

“Calcitonin in the bonin”

-stimulates Osteoblasts by inhibiting Osteoclasts

Question 32

Calcium Control in Bones -

Answer 32

using HORMONES

Question 33

Vitamin D -

Answer 33

• This accelerates Calcium Absorption from the small intestines – the key is to raise
  the blood calcium

Question 34

Calcium Sources other than Dairy

Answer 34

ALMOST ALL VEGETABLES HAVE CALCIUM

● Nuts and Seeds
● Mustard, Turnip Greens, broccoli, bok choy, kale, parsley, watercress, seaweed
● Legumes
● Small Fish consumed with the bones
● Mineral Waters, fruit and vegetable juices

Question 35

Osteoporosis and Bone Loss

Answer 35

8-9 leading cause of death in women. This is preventable due to nutrition, etc.

Question 36

Exercise

Answer 36

one of the key preventers to osteoporosis - keeping the bones at stress on a
regular basis do increase bone density