nutrition exam 2

Question 1

carbohydrates

Answer 1

main fuel source for some cells
4 kcal

Question 2

glycogen

Answer 2

carb made out of units of glucose with a branched structure

Question 3

glucose and glycogen stored where

Answer 3

liver and muscles

Question 4

% of calories recommended consumed from carbs

Answer 4

45%-65%

Question 5

monosaccharides

Answer 5

simple sugar units (one)
basic unit of carb structure

Question 6

common types of monosaccharides

Answer 6

glucose
fructose
galactose

Question 7

glucose

Answer 7

comes from digestion of starches and sucrose (table sugar)

Question 8

fructose (fruit sugar)

Answer 8

absorbed in small intestine

Question 9

galactose

Answer 9

bonded to glucose in lactose

Question 10

types of disaccharides (three)

Answer 10

sucrose
lactose
maltose
all contain glucose

Question 11

sucrose

Answer 11

form when 2 sugars bond together
(glucose/ fructose)
found in honey and sugarcane

Question 12

lactose

Answer 12

forms when glucose and galactose bond

Question 13

maltose

Answer 13

starch is broken down to 2 glucose molecules bonded together
(alcoholic drinks)
digested in small intestine

Question 14

polysaccharides (multiple)

Answer 14

digested more slowly than simple carbs

Question 15

types of polysaccharides

Answer 15

starch
glycogen
fiber

Question 16

starch

Answer 16

numerous single sugar units bond
1000+ glucose units

Question 17

amylose

Answer 17

long straight chain of glucose units
20% of digestible starch

Question 18

amylopectin

Answer 18

highly branched chain structure
80% digestible starches

Question 19

glycogen

Answer 19

chain of glucose with many branches
stored in liver and muscles

Question 20

fiber

Answer 20

chemical bonds that join individual sugar units together cannot be digested by enzymes in GI tract

Question 21

types of lipids

Answer 21

triglycerides
phospholipids
sterols

Question 22

triglycerides

Answer 22

chain of carbons bonded together
one end - acid group
other end- methyl group

Question 23

phospholipids

Answer 23

made of glycerol and fatty acids
one fatty acid is replaced with compound containing phosphorus

Question 24

sterols

Answer 24

common example is cholesterol
not essential component

Question 25

protein functions

Answer 25

blood clotting
fluid balance
hormone and enzyme production
vision
transport of substances
cell repair

Question 26

9 essential amino acids

Answer 26

histidine
isoleucine
leucine
methionine
phenylalanine
threonine
tryptophan
valine

Question 27

highly branched chain structure

Answer 27

amylose

Question 28

fiber is a type of

Answer 28

polysaccharide