Nutrition exam

Question 1

Types of straight feeds and compound feeds?

Answer 1

straight: bran, oats, barley, maze, peans, beans, linseed, sugarbeet, alfalfa. Compound: cubes, mixes, balancers, conditioning feeds.

Question 2

dangers of poor quality feed?

Answer 2

colic, coughing, supressed appetite, poorly conditioned animal, vet costs, reduced performance

Question 3

how much to feed a horse in: light work, medium, hard work?

Answer 3

70/30, 50/50, 30/70

Question 4

what diseases are linked to sugar/starch?

Answer 4

laminitis, equine metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance

Question 5

how much does 1 heaped scoop of mix, pony nuts, unmolassed chaff and molassed chaff weigh?

Answer 5

1.2kg, 1.6kg, 3-400g, 5-600g

Question 6

rules of feeding:

Answer 6

1. little and often
2. plenty fibre
3. make changes gradually
4. keep scoops clean
5. clean water
6. dont feed before riding
7. regular intervals
8. good quality feed/forage
9. check teeth and worm regularly
10. feed each horse as individual

Question 7

why fibre is important?

Answer 7

1. evolved to eating fibre (65% of horses GIIT is made for fibre digestion)
2. satisfies psychological need to chew - reduces stress

Question 8

difference between haylage and hay?

Answer 8

haylage grass that has been cut earlier (younger stage of growth)

Question 9

how long it takes to introduce new diet?

Answer 9

10-14 days

Question 10

why forage takes 2-3 weeks to be introduced?

Answer 10

gut needs to adapt and have time to produce new bacteria thats needed for digestion

Question 11

parts of foregut and hindgut?

Answer 11

foregut: mouth, oesophagus,stomach, SI
hindgut: caecum, LI, rectum, anus

Question 12

length of SI, hindgut, whole gut

Answer 12

21m, 8m, 30

Question 13

why is chewing important?

Answer 13

horses only salivate whilst eating and saliva acts as buffer and nuetralises the stomach acid

Question 14

eating time: 1kg oats vs 1 kg hay?

Answer 14

10mins, 40-60mins

Question 15

whats the stomach transit time?

Answer 15

20mins to 2/3 hours

Question 16

maximum concentrate meal size?

Answer 16

1.8-2kg average horse (500kg). 0.4kg per 100kg BW

Question 17

if natural defenses against stomach acid are not facilitated, increased risk of gastric ulcers. what affects this as well?

Answer 17

inadequate forage intake, high starch intakes, fasting

Question 18

what is absorbed in SI:

Answer 18

amino acids, fatty acids, sugars, vits minerals

Question 19

SI transit time?

Answer 19

45mins to 2hrs

Question 20

whats absorbed in LI?

Answer 20

water, VFA, vits minerals,

Question 21

what LI made of?

Answer 21

caecum, colon, rectum

Question 22

pH of caecum and colon?

Answer 22

6

Question 23

high protein ingredients?

Answer 23

grass meal, legumes (soya bean meal, peas, alfalfa, sunflower meal)

Question 24

fibre rich ingredients?

Answer 24

sugarbeet meal, lupin hulls, oat hulls, grass meal, straw, alfalfa meal

Question 25

sugar rich ingredients?

Answer 25

molasses, honey, grass (in all forms),

Question 26

starch rich ingredients?

Answer 26

cereals (oats, maize, barley, wheat)

Question 27

fat/oil rich ingredients?

Answer 27

soya oil, linseed, corn, coconut, vegetable, sunflower

Question 28

convert MCal to MJDE

Answer 28

multiply megacal by 4.183

Question 29

when to start feeding adult feed?

Answer 29

4-6months (once weaned)

Question 30

DM of grass, haylkage and hay

Answer 30

10-20%, 80-88%, 48-70%

Question 31

minimum DM requirement for average horse in: light work, moderate, hard, intense

Answer 31

1.5-2%BW, 2-2.5%, 2.5-3%, 3-3.5%

Question 32

average horse in moderate work, how much DM intake per day?

Answer 32

(2/100) x 500 = 10kg feed per day

Question 33

best amount of time to soak hay?

Answer 33

3-16 hours