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Nutrition > Nutrition Exam 1 > Flashcards

Nutrition Exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

non essential amino acids

A

alanine
serine
asparagine
aspartate
glutamate

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2
Q

essential amino acids

A

cannot make = must take in
valine
leucine
isoleucine
methionine
phenylalanine
threonine
lysine
histidine
tryptophan

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3
Q

‘conditionally’ essential amino acids

A

we can make these, but reactions are limited
cysteine
tyrosine
glutamine
arginine
proline
glycine
taurine

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4
Q

which AAs provide direct provision of energy to intestinal cells

A

glutamine and arginine

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5
Q

what are the branched chain AAs

A

leucine
isoleucine
valine
rate limiting = short supply

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6
Q

most people require ___ ml/kg of water per day

A

30-40

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7
Q

inches to cm

A

1 in is 2.54 cm

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8
Q

lbs to kg

A

1 kg is 2.2lbs

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9
Q

macro nutrients

A

carbs
protein
fat

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10
Q

how many cals per gram do the macronutrients have (oral)

A

carb: 4
protein: 4
fat: 9
alcohol is 7 :( not a macro but still

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11
Q

where is folate important

A

pre preggo to prevent spinal bifida –> take 800 mg per day vs 400 mg
macrolytic anemia - w/b12

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12
Q

who should take B12

A

vegans
elderly
acid suppression
gastric bypass
intrinsic factor needed this is especially needed with oral intake - do the injection if they are elderly or lacking intrinsic factor

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13
Q

why do newborns need a vit k shot?

A

hemorrhagic disease (brain bleed)
no vitamin k existant in newborns - takes days to build

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14
Q

protein intake for crcl 25-55

0

A

0.6g/kg/day

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15
Q

protein intake for crcl >55 (normal function)

A

0.8-2g/kg/day

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16
Q

protein intake if crcl<20

A

0.3g-0.5g/kg/day

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17
Q

protein intake if on dialysis!

A

needs increase!! 1.2-1.5g/kg/day

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18
Q

what are the potassium foods?

A

potato, tomato, banana, orange and salt substitutes such as potassium chloride (avoid these in HD)

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19
Q

where is the NG/NJ tube placed?

A

at bedside

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19
Q

where is PEG/PEJ tube placed?

A

endoscopically or surgically

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20
Q

for bolus feedings, initiate at full strength –> how many mLs?

A

60-120ml per bolus (ml/hr for 24 hrs)

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21
Q

what pill types cannot be crushed

A

enteric coated
beads, pellets, enteric coated granules
liquid filled capsules

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22
Q

what pills can be crushed

A

immediate release (sugar/film coated)

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23
Q

2 in 1 mix: what filter should be used?

A

needs a 0.22 micron in line filter (can catch bugs)

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24
2 in 1: when are lipids hung?
3x per week - risk of infusing too fast (no more than 0.1 g/kg/hr)!!
25
3 in 1: what filter?
1.2 micron in line filter (will not catch bugs) - visual inspection difficult
26
osmolality formula
mosm/l = dextrose g/Lx5 + amino acid g/L x 10 + mEq cations/L x2 cations: ca,mg,k,na
27
3 major macronutrients in TPN
amino acids dextrose fatty acids
28
component percentages in TPN what is the breakdown?
grams of solute per 100 ml solution e.g. D35, AA7, L3 = dextrose 35g/100ml = 350g/1 L amino acids 7.5g/100ml = 75g/1L lipids 3g/100ml = 30g/1L
29
oral macronutrient cals
carbs: 4 protein: 4 fat: 9
30
for parenteral macronutrients cals (TPN)
dextrose: 3.4 amino acids: 4 lipids: 10
31
for a fat emulsion what are the percentages to cals
usually 1g:1ml ratio BUT 10% is 1.1kcal/1ml (denser) 30% = 3 kcal/2ml 20%=2kcal/1ml
32
for obses patients, use ___% of IBW
120
33
acid/base: lungs=___ and kidneys=__
acid, base
34
metabolic acidosis: need to maximize___
acetate
35
metabolic alkalosis: need to maximize___
chloride
36
when is insulin added to TPN
added to help decrease hyperglycemia from infusion, even if there is no diabetes present
37
drug concentration in solution
10mg/ml=1000mg/100ml (1% solution)
38
lipid emulsion percentage
10% lipids solution in 10% lipid solution there is 11g/100ml since it is 1.1 instead of 1
39
order of compounding with phosphorous and calcium
phosphorous is added first, then mix the bag --> calcium is added at the END (separate as far as possible)
40
micronutrient examples
vitamins, minerals
41
average maintenance fluid rate
75-150ml/hr
42
soluble vs insoluble fiber
**both draw water into GI tract** soluble: dissolves in water and forms a gel = less diarrhea and bloating insoluble: does not dissolve in water
43
what is a vitamin
organic compound that cannot be made by the body they function as enzyme cofactors-->make rxns occur more effectively
44
what is RDA
recommended daily allowance you do not have to consume the RDA every day since vitamins can be stored
45
respiratory quotient for carb and fat
carb: 1 fat: 0.7
46
high fat diets should produce ___ CO2
less
47
simple sugar consumption raises ___ more than fat consumption
TG
48
in renal failure what should be limited and increased (not on dialysis)
electrolytes, fluid, and protein should be limited but calorie intake should be increased -if on dialysis, restrict potassium to <2g/day (know potassium foods-PTBO)
49
what to limit or increase in hepatic encephalopathy
-higher cal intake and protein -do more branched chain AA -use lactulose and PEG for removing ammonia -restrict sodium and fluid
50
dysphagia foods
1-4 with 1 being pureed and 4 being regular foods
51
what is enteral nutrition
giving nutrients into GI tract when oral intake is inadequate (tube feed)
52
what is paraenteral nutrition
giving nutrients IV (TPN or PPN) incompetent GI tract
53
what are the long term vs short term tubes for enteral (tube) nutrition
LONG: PEG, PEJ SHORT: NG, nasoduodenal
54
when is the nutrition assessment done
>3 days NPO
55
do all formulas for TF have fiber?
no you can add fiber for diarrhea/constipation (soluble)
56
when to do tube flushes
before and after med administration (NG tube) flush with water!
57
calcium and phosphorous solubility depends upon ___
AAs
58
keep total amount of ca+phos less than
45 meq/l
59
should you use iron in TPN
no! infuse separately
60

Nutrition (2 decks)

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