Nutrition , Diet , Weight

Question 1

Where in the body is glycogen stored ?

Answer 1

1) liver

2) skeletal

Question 2

What are the units of food energy ?

Answer 2

kJ ( kilojoules) is the official SI unit of food energy

-

Question 3

What do clinicians tend to use as the units of food energy towards patients ?

Answer 3

• calorie which terms to a kilocalorie

- 1 calorie = 1kilocalorie (1000 calories)

Question 4

Define a kilocalorie

Answer 4

Amount of energy required to raise temperature of one kilogram of water by 1 degrees

Question 5

How many kilojoules in 1 kilocalorie ?

Answer 5

1Kcal = 4.2 kilojoules

Question 6

What are the 6 essential components of the diet ?

Answer 6

1) carbohydrates
2) vitamins
3) fibres
4) protein
5) fat
6) minerals

Question 7

How many units are in oligosaccharides ?

Answer 7

3-12 units eg dextrins

Question 8

How many amino acids are there ?

Answer 8

20

Question 9

How many amino acids cannot be synthesised by our body and must be obtained from diet ?

Answer 9

9 amino acids

Question 10

What is the mnemonic for the 9 essential amino acids ?

Answer 10

IF ( isoleucine)
LEARNED - lysine

THIS - threonine

HUGE - histidine

LIST - leucine

MAY - methionine

PROVE - phenylalanine

TRULY - tryptophan

VALUABLE - valine

Question 11

What does a conditionally essential amino acids mean ?

Answer 11

• an amino acid that is not usually essential , but only in times of stress and illness.

Question 12

What are three examples of conditionally essential amino acids ?

Answer 12

• arginine
• tyrosine
• cysteine

Question 13

Whawhat awhat proteins are more valuable - animal based or plant based

Answer 13

• animal

Question 14

What are three functions of fats ?

Answer 14

1) they are more reduced so they yield more energy
2) fats are required for absorption of fat soluble vitamins
3) provide essential fatty acids that cannot be synthesised such as linoleic and linolenic.

Question 15

Wwhat are a few examples of minerals ?

Answer 15

• iron
• electrolytes such as Na+, k+, cl-
• calcium

Question 16

What is the usual concentration of IV fluids ?

Answer 16

• Na+,k+,cl- are usually at 1mmol/kg/day.

Question 17

What are the two categories vitamins usually fall under ?

Answer 17

• lipid soluble

- water soluble

Question 18

What are two examples of lipid soluble vitamins ?

Answer 18

1) vitamin E where the lack could result in neurological abnormalities
2) vitamin D : lack could lead to rickets.

Question 19

What type of vitamin is biotin and what could biotin deficiency lead to ?

Answer 19

Water soluble

• alopecia , scaly skin , CNS defects

Question 20

What type of vitamin is folate /B12 and what is the function ?

Answer 20

Water soluble and anaemia

Question 21

What type of vitamin. Is B6 and what are their functions ?

Answer 21

• water soluble

- dermatitis and anaemia

Question 22

What type of vitamin is vitamin C and what are their functions ?

Answer 22

• water soluble

- and scurvy

Question 23

What are examples of foods that contain fibre ?

Answer 23

• cereal , beans , fruit , veg

Question 24

What does a high fibre diet lower the risk of ?

Answer 24

• cholesterol and diabetes

Question 25

Why can cellulose not be digested ?

Answer 25

- due to 1,4 B glucose linkages - enzymes necessary for the hydrolysis are not available.

Question 26

What can a low fibre diet lead to ?

Answer 26

- constipation | - bowel cancer

Question 27

Define total daily energy expenditure ?

Answer 27

Estimation of how many calories you burn a day when exercise is taken into account

Question 28

What is the daily expenditure for an adult male ?

Answer 28

12,000 KJ / day

Question 29

What is the daily expenditure for an adult female ?

Answer 29

9,500 KJ/ day

Question 30

What are the three components of the daily average expenditure ?

Answer 30

1) basal metabolic rate ( BMR) 2) physical activity level 3) diet induced thermogenesis ( energy required to process food )

Question 31

What is the basal metabolic rate ?

Answer 31

- maintains resting activity of the body eg ion transport , chemical reactions , maintenance of temperature , function of organs ( eg 30% BMR skeletal muscles )

Question 32

What does the basal metabolic rate depend on ?

Answer 32

- weight - gender - environment temp - surface area of the body

Question 33

How do you calculate ones BAsal metabolic rate ?

Answer 33

Weight (kg) x 100

Question 34

What is diet induced thermogenesis ?

Answer 34

Energy required to process food. - this is equal to 10% of the indegested food.

Question 35

Define obesity

Answer 35

Excessive fat acculmation in adipose tissue which impairs health. - associated with increased risk of diabetes , CV disease ,

Question 36

What is the percentage of females in the UK that are obese ?

Answer 36

21%

Question 37

What is the percentage of males that are obese in the Uk?

Answer 37

17%

Question 38

How do you calculate body mass index ?

Answer 38

WEIGHT (KG) / HEIGHT(m^2)

Question 39

When would someone be considered to be underweight ?

Answer 39

- BMI less than 18.5 kg/m^2

Question 40

WhatBMI would be considered a desirable weight ?

Answer 40

18.5-24.9 kg/m^2

Question 41

What BMI would be considered overweight ?

Answer 41

25-29.9

Question 42

What BMI would be considered obese ?

Answer 42

30-34.9

Question 43

What BMI would be considered severely obese ?

Answer 43

above 35