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Cell Biology And Genetics > Nutrition , Diet , Weight > Flashcards

Nutrition , Diet , Weight Flashcards

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1
Q

Where in the body is glycogen stored ?

A

1) liver

2) skeletal

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2
Q

What are the units of food energy ?

A

kJ ( kilojoules) is the official SI unit of food energy

-

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3
Q

What do clinicians tend to use as the units of food energy towards patients ?

A
  • calorie which terms to a kilocalorie

- 1 calorie = 1kilocalorie (1000 calories)

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4
Q

Define a kilocalorie

A

Amount of energy required to raise temperature of one kilogram of water by 1 degrees

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5
Q

How many kilojoules in 1 kilocalorie ?

A

1Kcal = 4.2 kilojoules

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6
Q

What are the 6 essential components of the diet ?

A

1) carbohydrates
2) vitamins
3) fibres
4) protein
5) fat
6) minerals

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7
Q

How many units are in oligosaccharides ?

A

3-12 units eg dextrins

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8
Q

How many amino acids are there ?

A

20

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9
Q

How many amino acids cannot be synthesised by our body and must be obtained from diet ?

A

9 amino acids

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10
Q

What is the mnemonic for the 9 essential amino acids ?

A

IF ( isoleucine)
LEARNED - lysine

THIS - threonine

HUGE - histidine

LIST - leucine

MAY - methionine

PROVE - phenylalanine

TRULY - tryptophan

VALUABLE - valine

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11
Q

What does a conditionally essential amino acids mean ?

A
  • an amino acid that is not usually essential , but only in times of stress and illness.
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12
Q

What are three examples of conditionally essential amino acids ?

A
  • arginine
  • tyrosine
  • cysteine
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13
Q

Whawhat awhat proteins are more valuable - animal based or plant based

A
  • animal
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14
Q

What are three functions of fats ?

A

1) they are more reduced so they yield more energy
2) fats are required for absorption of fat soluble vitamins
3) provide essential fatty acids that cannot be synthesised such as linoleic and linolenic.

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15
Q

Wwhat are a few examples of minerals ?

A
  • iron
  • electrolytes such as Na+, k+, cl-
  • calcium
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16
Q

What is the usual concentration of IV fluids ?

A
  • Na+,k+,cl- are usually at 1mmol/kg/day.
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17
Q

What are the two categories vitamins usually fall under ?

A
  • lipid soluble

- water soluble

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18
Q

What are two examples of lipid soluble vitamins ?

A

1) vitamin E where the lack could result in neurological abnormalities
2) vitamin D : lack could lead to rickets.

19
Q

What type of vitamin is biotin and what could biotin deficiency lead to ?

A

Water soluble

  • alopecia , scaly skin , CNS defects
20
Q

What type of vitamin is folate /B12 and what is the function ?

A

Water soluble and anaemia

21
Q

What type of vitamin. Is B6 and what are their functions ?

A
  • water soluble

- dermatitis and anaemia

22
Q

What type of vitamin is vitamin C and what are their functions ?

A
  • water soluble

- and scurvy

23
Q

What are examples of foods that contain fibre ?

A
  • cereal , beans , fruit , veg
24
Q

What does a high fibre diet lower the risk of ?

A
  • cholesterol and diabetes
25
Q

Why can cellulose not be digested ?

A
  • due to 1,4 B glucose linkages - enzymes necessary for the hydrolysis are not available.
26
Q

What can a low fibre diet lead to ?

A
  • constipation

- bowel cancer

27
Q

Define total daily energy expenditure ?

A

Estimation of how many calories you burn a day when exercise is taken into account

28
Q

What is the daily expenditure for an adult male ?

A

12,000 KJ / day

29
Q

What is the daily expenditure for an adult female ?

A

9,500 KJ/ day

30
Q

What are the three components of the daily average expenditure ?

A

1) basal metabolic rate ( BMR)
2) physical activity level
3) diet induced thermogenesis ( energy required to process food )

31
Q

What is the basal metabolic rate ?

A
  • maintains resting activity of the body eg ion transport , chemical reactions , maintenance of temperature , function of organs ( eg 30% BMR skeletal muscles )
32
Q

What does the basal metabolic rate depend on ?

A
  • weight
  • gender
  • environment temp
  • surface area of the body
33
Q

How do you calculate ones BAsal metabolic rate ?

A

Weight (kg) x 100

34
Q

What is diet induced thermogenesis ?

A

Energy required to process food.

  • this is equal to 10% of the indegested food.
35
Q

Define obesity

A

Excessive fat acculmation in adipose tissue which impairs health.

  • associated with increased risk of diabetes , CV disease ,
36
Q

What is the percentage of females in the UK that are obese ?

A

21%

37
Q

What is the percentage of males that are obese in the Uk?

A

17%

38
Q

How do you calculate body mass index ?

A

WEIGHT (KG) / HEIGHT(m^2)

39
Q

When would someone be considered to be underweight ?

A
  • BMI less than 18.5 kg/m^2
40
Q

WhatBMI would be considered a desirable weight ?

A

18.5-24.9 kg/m^2

41
Q

What BMI would be considered overweight ?

A

25-29.9

42
Q

What BMI would be considered obese ?

A

30-34.9

43
Q

What BMI would be considered severely obese ?

A

above 35

Cell Biology And Genetics (22 decks)

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