Nutrition, Diet, & Body Weight

Question 1

What are the essential components of the diet?

Answer 1

Carbohydrates
Proteins
Fats
Vitamins
Minerals
Water
Fibre

Question 2

What are the components of Daily Energy Expenditure?

Answer 2

Basal Metabolic Rate
Diet-Induced Thermogenesis
Physical Activity Level

Question 3

What is our Basal Metabolic Rate?

Answer 3

The energy required to maintain the resting activities of the body such as cell maintenance, organ function, and regulation of body temperature

Question 4

What is Diet-Induced Thermogenesis?

Answer 4

The energy required to digest and absorb food

Question 5

What must be balanced to regulate our body weight?

Answer 5

Energy intake and energy expenditure

Question 6

How do you calculate BMI?

Answer 6

Weight divided by height squared

Question 7

What are the units for BMI?

Answer 7

Kg/m2

Question 8

What are the ranges for BMI?

Answer 8

Less than 18.5 = underweight
18.5 - 24.9 = desirable
24.9 - 29.9 = overweight
29.9 - 34.9 = obese
Over 35 = severely obese

Question 9

What happens in adults with a protein and energy deficiency?

Answer 9

Loss of subcutaneous fat
Muscle wasting
Cold and weak
GI & respiratory infections

Question 10

What is Marasmus?

Answer 10

Most common form of protein and energy deficiency in children under 5
Thin and weak
Hair thin and dry
Diarrhoea
Anemia

Question 11

What is Kwashiorkor?

Answer 11

A protein and energy deficiency caused by stopped breast feeding in a young child because a new baby is introduced. Young child is then fed carbs and little protein
Lethargic, anorexic, causes pitting oedema

Question 12

What is the difference in symptoms between Marasmus and Kwashiorkor?

Answer 12

Kwashiorkor causes oedema as lack of albumin (blood proteins) leads to reduction in oncotic pressure and more water in interstitial spaces

Question 13

What is Refeeding Syndrome?

Answer 13

People who are malnourished are given large amounts of food too quickly. Blood sugar rises and the body is shocked into creating energy stores. This anabolism requires electrolytes. A sudden drop in electrolytes in the blood means they are unavailable for vital functions e.g. in the heart and this leads to death

Question 14

What are the essential amino acids?

Answer 14

Isoleucine
Lysine
Threonine
Histidine
Leucine
Methionine
Phenylanine
Tryptophan
Valine

Question 15

What are the essential fatty acids?

Answer 15

Linoleic and Linolenic

Question 16

Why is fibre important in our diet?

Answer 16

It reduces cholesterol as the fibre binds to cholesterol in bile salts and is excreted so less bile reabsorbed and more cholesterol removed from blood to make more bile

Question 17

What is the MUST score?

Answer 17

Screening score for malnutrition calculated by adding together scores derived from BMI, % of weight loss, & whether patient has been unwell and stopped eating

Question 18

List four diseases that obesity increases the risk of

Answer 18

Type 2 diabetes
Heart Disease
Asthma
Osteoarthritis