Nutrition, Diet & Body Weight Flashcards
List the essential components of the diet
Carbohydrate
Protein
Fat
Minerals
Vitamins
Water
Fibre
Define the components of daily energy expenditure
Adult male: ~12,000 kJ/day
Adult female: ~9,500 kJ/day
Vitamin A deficiency leads to
Xerophthalmia (constellation of ocular signs and symptoms that affect the conjunctiva, cornea, and retina.)
Vitamin D deficiency leads to
Rickets
Vitamin E deficiency leads to
Neurological abnormalities
Vitamin K deficiency leads to
Defective blood clotting
Lack of Vitamin B12, B6 leads to
B6: Anaemia, Dermatitis
B12: Anaemia
Vitamin C deficiency leads to
Scurvy
What are the 2 essential fatty acids
Linoleic
Linoleic acids
They can’t are double bonds beyond C9
What are minerals used for ?
Enzyme cofactors
(Manganese, magnesium, iron, cobalt and copper)
Describe Marasmus
Deficiency in all nutrients leading to an inadequate energy intake
Describe Kwashiorkor
Protein deficiency but adequate energy intake
-No proteins to make enzymes transported to move/metabolise fats so they’re stored in the liver
-Lower oncotic pressure in the venous end of the capillaries meaning less fluid returns to the BV
How should you treat Kwashiorkor
Re-feeding people slowly as they have decreased regulation of enzymes to prevent build up of anomie
How do you calculate BMI
Weight (kg) / Height^2 (m^2)
How do you interpret BMI
<18.5: Underweight
18.5-24.9: Desirable weight
25.0-29.9: Overweight
30.0-34.9: Obese
>35.0: Severely obese
