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MCBG > Nutrition, Diet and Body Weight > Flashcards

Nutrition, Diet and Body Weight Flashcards

1
Q

What are catabolic processes?

A

Processes breaking down molecules to release energy in the form of reducing power.

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2
Q

What are anabolic processes?

A

Using energy and raw materials to make larger molecules for growth and maintenance.

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3
Q

What is the energy used to drive energy-requiring activities?

A

Chemical bond energy

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4
Q

What is energy needed for?

A

Biosynthetic work
Transport work
Mechanical work
Electrical work

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5
Q

What is the ATP-ADP cycle?

A

Where ATP goes between being ATP and broken down to ADP + inorganic phosphate.

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6
Q

Why is ATP broken into ADP and inorganic phosphate?

A

To release energy.

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7
Q

Why is ADP and inorganic phosphate made into ATP?

A

To produce energy by oxidation of lipids, carbohydrates, proteins and alcohol.

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8
Q

How much is 1 kcal?

A

4.2 kilojoules

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9
Q

How much is 1 cal?

A

4.2 joules.

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10
Q

Define 1 kcal.

A

The amount of energy needed to increase the temperature of water 1 celsius.

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11
Q

What is needed in nutrition?

A 
Carbohydrates (energy)
Protein (energy and amino acids)
Fat (energy and essential fatty acids)
Minerals 
Vitamins
Water (maintain hydration)
Fibre (GI-function)
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12
Q

What is the general formula of carbohydrates?

A

(CH2O)n

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13
Q

What types of carbohydrates are there? (size)

A

Monosaccharides
Disaccharides
Oligosaccharides
Polysaccharides

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14
Q

What is glucose?

A

A monosaccharide

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15
Q

What is sucrose?

A

A disaccharide

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16
Q

What is starch?

A

A polysaccharide

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17
Q

What is glycogen?

A

A polysaccharide

18
Q

What is cellulose?

A

A polysaccharide

19
Q

What does sucrose consist of?

A

Glucose and fructose

20
Q

What does lactose consist of?

A

Galactose and glucose

21
Q

What is fructose?

A

A monosaccharide

22
Q

What does maltose consist of?

A

glucose and glucose

23
Q

What are the 9 essential amino acids?

A 
If Learned This Huge List May Prove Truly Valuable
Isoleucine
Lysine
Threonine
Histidine
Leucine
Methionine
Phenylalanine
Tryptophan
Valine
24
Q

Explain the structure of a lipid.

A

Lipids are composed of Triacylglycerols which are 3 fatty acids esterified to one glycerol.

25
Q

What are some features of lipids/fat?

A

It contains much less oxygen than carbs or proteins. This means that it is more reduced so it yields more energy when oxidised.
Required for absorption of fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E and K)

26
Q

What are the essential fatty acids?

A

Linoleic and linolenic acids.

27
Q

Why are minerals important?

A

To establish ion gradients across membranes and maintain water balance.
Calcium and phosphorus are essential for structure (bones and teeth)
Calcium is also an important signalling molecule
Iron
Enzyme co-factors (iron, magnesium, manganese, cobalt, copper, zinc and molybdenum)

28
Q

Why are vitamins important?

A

They are essential for life. Vitamin C for example in collagen production which leads to scurvy (hydroxylation of proline and lysine).
Vitamin K which leads to defective blood clotting.
Vitamin D which leads to rickets.

29
Q

Why are dietary fibres important?

A

Low intake is associated with constipation and bowel cancer.

High fibre diet have shown results in lowering cholesterol and risk of diabetes.

30
Q

What is basal metabolic rate?

A

The energy needed to maintain resting activities in the body.

31
Q

What are factors of basal metabolic rate?

A 
Body size
Gender
Environmental temperature
Endocrine status
Body temperature
32
Q

What is BMI?

A

Weight divided by height squared. Units are Kg/m2

33
Q

What is a BMI that means you are underweight?

A

<18.5

34
Q

What is a BMI that means you are at a desirable weight?

A

18.5-24.9

35
Q

What is a BMI that means you are overweight?

A

25-29.9

36
Q

What is a BMI that means you are obese?

A

30-34.9

37
Q

What is a BMI that means you are severely obese?

A

<35

38
Q

What is an alternative measurement to BMI?

A

Waist to hip ratio.

39
Q

Is body fat distribution important?

A

Yes. There is evidence that shows that it is clinically important. An apple shaped body is more dangerous than a pear shaped body.

40
Q

Why do children with Kwashiorkor have bloated bellies?

A

Because of a low protein intake. This means that there is no albumin in the blood plasma in order to maintain the oncotic pressure. This means a decrease in oncotic pressure and oedema follows.

MCBG (21 decks)

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