Nutrition-Diabetes Flashcards
Does Diabetes cause a lot of death?
Yes, 7th leading cause of death
What is involved in diabetes education?
primary care/prevention
taking medications as prescribed
control glucose, LDL, BP
What do diabetes educators help physicians with?
Help patients improve outcomes Help delay onset of diabetes Track and monitor patients’ progress Increase efficiency Meet pay-for-performance goals
What do diabetes educators help patients with?
Develop self-management skills–healthy eating, being active, monitoring blood sugar, taking meds, problem-solving, healthy coping, reducing risks
Achieve better metabolic control
Improve lipid levels
Reduce blood pressure
Who are diabetes educators?
RN
registered dietician
pharmacist
What are some of the tools that diabetes patients use?
Blood glucose meters
Insulin pens
Insulin pumps
Continuous glucose monitors
Is there a diabetic diet?
no, but best diet is balanced & healthy. Can still involve some carbs & sugars.
T/F There is a link b/w obesity & diabetes.
True!! insulin resistance!
Is lifestyle modification important for Type I diabetes too?
yeah!
What % of your calories should be carbs? Proteins? Fats?
Carbs: 45-65%
Proteins: 15-20%
Fats: 25-35% (200-300 mg cholesterol/day)
Where are carbs found?
Starches Fruit Milk and yogurt Beans and legumes Sweets/desserts, etc (even sugar-free products)
1 serving of carbs is about how many grams?
15 grams
Give some examples of 15 grams of CHO?
1 ounce slice of bread 3 cups of popcorn ½ cup of oatmeal 8 oz of milk 4 oz of orange juice ½ small banana 2 tablespoons of raisins ½ cup of beans or corn 1/3 cup of cooked pasta or rice
How does fiber factor into carb allowance?
Fiber – At least 5 grams of fiber/ serving, subtract ½ of the fiber grams from total carbohydrates
How many CHO servings/meal are appropriate for women? Men?
Women–>3-4CHO servings
Men–>4-5 CHO servings
What are the ADA standards for blood sugar goals?
Before meal: 70-130
After meal: no more than 180
a1c <7%
What are the AACE standards for blood sugar goals?
Before meal: <6.5%
How many calories & grams of CHO are appropriate/day for a diabetic patient?
1400 calories
180 grams CHO
In a patient with diabetic nephropathy how much protein should be consumed? Chronic kidney disease–Stages 3-5
less than 1 g/kg/d
3-5: 0.7-1 **but watch out for malnutrition
What’s the deal with fatty dinners?
even with the same amount of carbs…patients who eat a dinner in higher fat causes increase in blood glucose & increase in secretion of insulin.
HOw many grams of fiber should be taken in a 2000 kcal diet? How many grams of fiber would be required to decrease post-prandial blood sugar?
28 grams/2K cal
44-50 grams of fiber
Should patients just look at sugars on food labels or carbs?
CARBS!!!
What are some foods that have soluble fiber ?
oatmeal, oat cereal, lentils, apples, oranges, pears, oat bran, strawberries, nuts, flaxseeds, beans, dried peas, blueberries, psyllium, cucumbers, celery, and carrots
HOw many grams of soluble fiber/day? What does this help with?
7-13 grams/day
reduces total cholesterol and LDL
What are the top five sources of calories in the American diet?
- Grain-based desserts
- Yeast breads
- Chicken & chicken-mixed dishes
- Sodas & sugary drinks
- pizzas
What are some good diet recommendations for diabetic patients?
Cardio/Aerobic exercise 3 to 7 days per week 1,000 to 2,000 calories burned per week Walking, swimming, jogging Resistance training 2 to 3 days per week, 8 to 20 reps with 2-3 rounds, whole body routines, resistance bands, free weights Balance/Flexibility – Daily
FOr 30 minutes of mild intensity physical activity…how many CHO are required?
0-15 grams
For 15 min of moderate intensity physical activity—how many CHO required?
5-10 grams
For 15 minutes of high intensity physical activity—how many CHO required ?
0-15 grams
Before a workout–what should be eaten?
CHO with protein or fat for slower absorption
After a workout–what should be eaten?
after 30-120 min
milk, yogurt
Does fiber ultimately have any beneficial effect on blood sugar?
NO
