Nutrition-Diabetes

Question 1

Does Diabetes cause a lot of death?

Answer 1

Yes, 7th leading cause of death

Question 2

What is involved in diabetes education?

Answer 2

primary care/prevention
taking medications as prescribed
control glucose, LDL, BP

Question 3

What do diabetes educators help physicians with?

Answer 3

Help patients improve outcomes
Help delay onset of diabetes 
Track and monitor patients’ progress
Increase efficiency
Meet pay-for-performance goals

Question 4

What do diabetes educators help patients with?

Answer 4

Develop self-management skills–healthy eating, being active, monitoring blood sugar, taking meds, problem-solving, healthy coping, reducing risks
Achieve better metabolic control
Improve lipid levels
Reduce blood pressure

Question 5

Who are diabetes educators?

Answer 5

RN
registered dietician
pharmacist

Question 6

What are some of the tools that diabetes patients use?

Answer 6

Blood glucose meters
Insulin pens
Insulin pumps
Continuous glucose monitors

Question 7

Is there a diabetic diet?

Answer 7

no, but best diet is balanced & healthy. Can still involve some carbs & sugars.

Question 8

T/F There is a link b/w obesity & diabetes.

Answer 8

True!! insulin resistance!

Question 9

Is lifestyle modification important for Type I diabetes too?

Answer 9

yeah!

Question 10

What % of your calories should be carbs? Proteins? Fats?

Answer 10

Carbs: 45-65%
Proteins: 15-20%
Fats: 25-35% (200-300 mg cholesterol/day)

Question 11

Where are carbs found?

Answer 11

Starches
Fruit
Milk and yogurt
Beans and legumes
Sweets/desserts, etc (even sugar-free products)

Question 12

1 serving of carbs is about how many grams?

Answer 12

15 grams

Question 13

Give some examples of 15 grams of CHO?

Answer 13

1 ounce slice of bread
3 cups of popcorn
½ cup of oatmeal
8 oz of milk
4 oz of orange juice
½ small banana
2 tablespoons of raisins
½ cup of beans or corn
1/3 cup of cooked pasta or rice

Question 14

How does fiber factor into carb allowance?

Answer 14

Fiber – At least 5 grams of fiber/ serving, subtract ½ of the fiber grams from total carbohydrates

Question 15

How many CHO servings/meal are appropriate for women? Men?

Answer 15

Women–>3-4CHO servings

Men–>4-5 CHO servings

Question 16

What are the ADA standards for blood sugar goals?

Answer 16

Before meal: 70-130
After meal: no more than 180
a1c <7%

Question 17

What are the AACE standards for blood sugar goals?

Answer 17

Before meal: <6.5%

Question 18

How many calories & grams of CHO are appropriate/day for a diabetic patient?

Answer 18

1400 calories

180 grams CHO

Question 19

In a patient with diabetic nephropathy how much protein should be consumed? Chronic kidney disease–Stages 3-5

Answer 19

less than 1 g/kg/d

3-5: 0.7-1 **but watch out for malnutrition

Question 20

What’s the deal with fatty dinners?

Answer 20

even with the same amount of carbs…patients who eat a dinner in higher fat causes increase in blood glucose & increase in secretion of insulin.

Question 21

HOw many grams of fiber should be taken in a 2000 kcal diet? How many grams of fiber would be required to decrease post-prandial blood sugar?

Answer 21

28 grams/2K cal

44-50 grams of fiber

Question 22

Should patients just look at sugars on food labels or carbs?

Answer 22

CARBS!!!

Question 23

What are some foods that have soluble fiber ?

Answer 23

oatmeal, oat cereal, lentils, apples, oranges, pears, oat bran, strawberries, nuts, flaxseeds, beans, dried peas, blueberries, psyllium, cucumbers, celery, and carrots

Question 24

HOw many grams of soluble fiber/day? What does this help with?

Answer 24

7-13 grams/day

reduces total cholesterol and LDL

Question 25

What are the top five sources of calories in the American diet?

Answer 25

1. Grain-based desserts
2. Yeast breads
3. Chicken & chicken-mixed dishes
4. Sodas & sugary drinks
5. pizzas

Question 26

What are some good diet recommendations for diabetic patients?

Answer 26

Cardio/Aerobic exercise 
3 to 7 days per week 
1,000 to 2,000 calories burned per week
Walking, swimming, jogging
Resistance training 
2 to 3 days per week, 8 to 20 reps with 2-3 rounds, 
whole body routines, resistance bands, free weights
Balance/Flexibility – Daily

Question 27

FOr 30 minutes of mild intensity physical activity…how many CHO are required?

Answer 27

0-15 grams

Question 28

For 15 min of moderate intensity physical activity—how many CHO required?

Answer 28

5-10 grams

Question 29

For 15 minutes of high intensity physical activity—how many CHO required ?

Answer 29

0-15 grams

Question 30

Before a workout–what should be eaten?

Answer 30

CHO with protein or fat for slower absorption

Question 31

After a workout–what should be eaten?

Answer 31

after 30-120 min

milk, yogurt

Question 32

Does fiber ultimately have any beneficial effect on blood sugar?

Answer 32

NO