Nutrition body and Weight Flashcards
What distribution of fat is in the body increases risk of diseases?
Greater proportion of fat in upper body
When measuring BMI how is height and weight measured?
Height without shoes
Weight with minimal clothing
What is the major weakness with BMI?
Very muscular individuals may be wrongly classified as obese
What’s an alternative measure of BMI?
Waist-hip ratio
What is a major preventable cause of death in the developing world?
Malnutrition
What are the consequences of malnutrition?
Damage due to low energy intake
Deficiency diseases of other nutrients
Oedema as seen in Kwashiorkor as insufficient blood protein synthesis leading to decrease in plasma oncotic pressure as no plasma proteins to draw water into capillaries so more fluid into interstitium.
What is a major preventable cause of death in developed countries?
Obesity
What consequence is obesity linked with?
Increased risk of developing some cancers, cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes.
What are the different energy stores and over what time length is each one used?
Energy rich molecules in muscle - very short term (few seconds worth)
Carbohydrates stores - immediate use (minutes/hours)
Adipose - long term (40 days worth)
Muscle proteins - extreme conditions
What are DRV’s? Give some examples? And what do the values depend on?
Dietary reference values
Series of estimates of the amount of energy and nutrients needed by different groups of healthy UK population
RNI - Reference nutrient intake for proteins,vitamins and minerals
EAR-estimated average requirement used for energy
Values depend on age gender and level of physical activity
LRNI-lower reference nutrient intake (intakes below insufficient for most people)
When are the DRV’s useful?
Only useful for assessing requirements of a group not for particular individuals as these may fall outside of the recommendation
Roughly give proportions for eatwell guide
Large and equal amount of fruit/veg and carbs
Then protein
Then dairy and alternatives
Very small amount of oils and spreads
Water 6-8 glasses a day
Eat sugars and junk less often in small amounts
Give some important minerals and why?
Calcium and phosphate - essential for structure (bones and teeth)
Calcium - signalling molecule
Enzyme co-factors - (the trace minerals)
Iron - essential component of haemoglobin
