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Complex > Nutrition ATI Final > Flashcards

Nutrition ATI Final Flashcards

1
Q

What is the minimum amount of carbohydrates needed to fuel the brain?

A

130 grams

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2
Q

How many grams of fiber do women need a day?

A

25 grams

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3
Q

How many grams of fiber do men need a day?

A

38 grams

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4
Q

What is the recommended intake of protein a day?

A

0.8 grams per kilogram

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5
Q

What are some examples of water-soluble vitamins?

A

Vitamin C and B-complex

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6
Q

What are some examples of fat-soluble vitamins?

A

Vitamins A, D, E, & K

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7
Q

Vitamin C foods

A

citrus foods
tomatoes
peppers
green leafy vegetables
strawberries

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8
Q

What are sources of Niacin?

A

meat
legumes
milk
whole grain & enriched breads and cereals
liver
nuts

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9
Q

What are sources of Thiamin?

A

widespread among most all plant and animal tissue
Especially meats, grains, & legumes

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10
Q

Riboflavin sources include

A

milk
meats
dark leafy green vegetables

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11
Q

Biotin foods include

A

eggs
milk
dark green vegetables

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12
Q

Folic acid is the synthetic form of what vitamin?

A

Folate

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13
Q

Folate food sources are?

A

liver
dark green leafy vegetables
orange juice
legumes

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14
Q

Sources of vitamin A

A

orange/yellow fruits & veggies
fatty fish
dairy

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15
Q

Sources of vitamin D

A

fish
fortified dairy
egg yolks
sunlight

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16
Q

Sources of vitamin E

A

vegetable oils
grains
nuts
dark green veggies

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17
Q

Sources of Vitamin K

A

green leafy veggies
eggs

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18
Q

Major sources of potassium include?

A

oranges
dried fruits
tomatoes
avocados
dried peas
meats
broccoli
bananas
dairy
meats
whole grains
potato
canteloupe

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19
Q

Major sources of Chloride?

A

table salt
added salts
processed foods

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20
Q

What are the major sources of calcium?

A

dairy
broccoli
kale
fortified grains

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21
Q

What are the major sources of Magnesium?

A

green leafy veggies
nuts
whole grains
tuna
halibut
chocolate

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22
Q

What are the major sources of Phosphorus?

A

dairy
peas
meat
eggs
legumes
cola

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23
Q

What is the major side effect of Iron?

A

constipation

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24
Q

Heme-iron foods consist of?

A

meat
fish
poultry

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25
Q

Non-heme iron foods consist of?

A

grains
legumes
vegetables

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26
Q

A healthy BMI is

A

18.5 to 24.9

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27
Q

Albumin range?

A

3.5 to 5

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28
Q

Prealbumin range?

A

15 to 36

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29
Q

What should you consume to decrease the risk for developing some cancers?

A

Five servings per day of fiber-rich fruits and vegetables

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30
Q

What is a vegan diet?

A

excludes all meat and animal products

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31
Q

What is a Lacto Vegetarian diet?

A

diet includes dairy products but excludes meat

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32
Q

What is a Lacto-Ovo vegetarian?

A

Diet includes dairy products and eggs but excludes meat

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33
Q

What should you eat when you have a heart condition?

A

Decrease saturated fat
decrease cholesterol as much as possible
DASH diet
if high LDL = increase monounsaturated fats and soluble fiber

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34
Q

What should you eat when you have a nervous system condition?

A

adequate B-complex vitamins, calcium, sodium

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35
Q

What should you eat when you have a bone condition?

A

Consuming recommended serving of calcium, magnesium, & phosphorus
Incorporate weight-bearing physical activity

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36
Q

What should you eat when you have a bowel condition?

A

intake adequate amount of fiber

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37
Q

What should you eat for cancer prevention?

A

increase fiber and plant-based foods
limit sat fat and trans fat
increase polyunsaturated fats (omega-3 fatty acids)
limit sodium
avoid alcohol
regular exercise/activity

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38
Q

How much should you increase your calories in the 2nd trimester of pregnancy?

A

340 calories

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39
Q

How much should you increase your calories in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy?

A

452 calories

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40
Q

In the first 6 months of breastfeeding, how much should you increase your calories?

A

330 calories

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41
Q

In the second 6 months of breastfeeding, how much should you increase your calories?

A

400 calories

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42
Q

How many grams of protein should you eat when pregnant?

A

71 grams a day

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43
Q

How much weight should be gained in pregnancy if BMI is normal (18.5-24.9)

A

25-35 pounds

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44
Q

How much weight should be gained in pregnancy if BMI is underweight (<18.5)

A

28-40 pounds

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45
Q

How much weight should be gained during pregnancy if BMI is overweight (25-29.9)

A

15-25 pounds

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46
Q

How much weight should be gained during pregnancy if BMI is obese (>30)

A

11-20 pounds

47
Q

How much folic acid should be taken during pregnancy?

A

600mcg/day

48
Q

How much folic acid should be taken during lactation/breastfeeding?

A

500mcg/day

49
Q

How much iron should be taken during pregnancy?

A

27-30mg a day

50
Q

When does birth weight double?

A

4-6 months

51
Q

When does birth weight triple?

A

1 year

52
Q

What is the sole source of nutrition in the 1st 6 months of life?

A

breast milk
infant formula

53
Q

Semisolid foods should not be introduced before what age?

A

6 months

54
Q

Gestational iron stores begin to deplete around what age?

A

4 months
now iron supplementation is needed after this time for infants who are exclusively breastfed

55
Q

At what age can cow’s milk be introduced?

A

1 year

56
Q

How many feedings should be in a 24-hour period?

A

8-12

57
Q

How long should the infant nurse on each breast?

A

15 min

58
Q

How often should you wake the baby during the day and night to feed?

A

every 3 hours during the day
every 4 hours during the night

59
Q

How long can expressed breast milk be stored in the fridge?

A

24 hours

60
Q

How long can expressed breast milk be stored in the freezer?

A

3 months

61
Q

new foods should be introduced one at a time over how long of a period?

A

5 to 7 days

62
Q

During the 5 to 7-day period of new food introduction, what should you look for with allergy or intolerance?

A

fussiness
rash
upper respiratory distress
vomiting
diarrhea
constipation

63
Q

What are some foods that can cause aspiration or choking with children?

A

hot dogs
popcorn
peanuts
grapes
raw carrots
celery
peanut butter
tough meat
candy

64
Q

Exposure to a new food might be needed how many times before it is accepted

A

15-20 times

65
Q

What is a clear liquid diet?

A

Consists of foods or fluids that have no residue at room temperature (clear at room temp)

66
Q

Examples of clear liquid diet?

A

water
tea
coffee
fat-free broth
carbonated beverages
clear juices
ginger ale
gelatin

67
Q

What is a full liquid diet?

A

Foods that are liquid at room temperature

68
Q

Examples of full liquid diet?

A

plain ice cream
strained cereals
possibly pureed vegetables

69
Q

What is a blenderized liquid/pureed diet?

A

liquids and foods that are pureed to liquid form

70
Q

What is a soft diet?

A

Contains whole foods that are low in fiber, lightly seasoned, and easily digested

71
Q

What is a mechanical soft diet?

A

A regular diet that is modified in texture. The diet composition is altered for specific nutrient needs, with minimal chewing required

72
Q

What is a dysphagia diet?

A

prescribed when swallowing is impaired

73
Q

Nectar-like liquids

A

thin enough to sip through a straw but thicker than water
Ex: nectars, cream soups, buttermilk, thin milkshakes

74
Q

Honey-like liquids

A

liquids that do not maintain their shape when poured but are thickened, can be eaten with a spoon but not able to sip through straw
Ex: honey, tomato sauce, yogurt

75
Q

Continuous infusion method is delivered over how many hours?

A

24 hours for a consistent flow rate

76
Q

How often should the residual be measured?

A

every 4-6 hours

77
Q

How often should the tubing be flushed with 30ml of water?

A

every 4 hours to maintain tube patency

78
Q

How long is cyclic feedings administered?

A

8-20 hours of continuous feeding, usually during the night time

79
Q

How often is formula administered with intermittent tube feedings

A

every 4-6 hours in equal portions of 250-400ml typically over 30-60 minutes

80
Q

How often are bolus feedings administered?

A

15 minute sessions 4-6 times daily, 250-400ml

81
Q

How often should you check the placement of a feeding tube with radiography?

A

before every feeding

82
Q

What level should the HOB be at during feedings?

A

at least 30 degrees during feeding and for at least 30-60 minutes afterwards

83
Q

How would you evaluate the effectiveness of TPN?

A

daily weight (maintenance of baseline or gain)
increase in prealbumin level
blood urea nitrogen level within range

84
Q

What are foods high in phosphorus?

A

milk products
beef liver
chocolate
nuts
legumes

85
Q

What type of diet should be consumed with end-stage kidney disease?

A

low protein
low phosphorus
low potassium
low sodium
fluid restriction

86
Q

Major sources of Pectin foods are?

A

apples
pears
guava
plums
oranges
gooseberries

87
Q

Braden scale: very poor nutrition

A

The patient is NPO or is maintained on a clear liquid diet to IV fluids for >5 days

88
Q

Braden scale: probably inadequate

A

If the patient is intermittently refusing tube feeding or eats only half of meals

89
Q

Braden scale: adequate nutrition

A

The patient eats most of their meals and/or refuses meals but takes a supplement in place of a meal or is on regular EN or TPN

90
Q

Braden scale: Excellent nutrition

A

The patient snacking in between meals never refuses a meal, and not be on a nutritional supplement

91
Q

What are some sources of zinc?

A

Meat
shellfish
legumes
seeds
nuts
dairy
eggs
whole grains
dark chocolate

92
Q

Tyramine rich foods

A

aged cheese
cured meats
pickled or fermented veggies
citrus/tropical fruits
alcohol

93
Q

How much Kcals should be consumed daily?

A

men: 2,500
women: 2,000

94
Q

Phosphorus level

A

3-4.5

95
Q

total protein level

A

6.4-8.3

96
Q

Albumin level

A

3.5-5

97
Q

Ammonia level

A

10-80

98
Q

RBC level

A

4.3-5.9

99
Q

PTT level

A

24.3-32.8

100
Q

INR level

A

1.2-2

101
Q

PT level

A

10.4-13

102
Q

Hematocrit level

A

40-51

103
Q

hemoglobin level

A

12-18

104
Q

Short bowel syndrome nutritional needs

A

increased calorie and protein with each meal
avoid carbs, concentrated sugars, and lactose
don’t drink fluids while eating
lie down for 20-30 min after meals

105
Q

GERD nutritional needs

A

avoid eating 3 hours before lying down
avoid large meals and bedtime snacks
avoid citrus, spicy, carbonated drinks, fatty/fried, caffeine, chocolate, ETOH, smoking, and peppermint/spearmint, tomatoes & onions

106
Q

Major sources of fiber?

A

beans
broccoli
berries
avocados
popcorn
whole grains
dried fruits
bran cereal

107
Q

Total cholesterol

A

<200

108
Q

Triglycerides

A

<200

109
Q

HDL

A

> 60

110
Q

LDL

A

<100

111
Q

T4

A

5-12

112
Q

T3

A

80-220

113
Q

urine specific gravity level

A

1.005-1.030

Complex (1 decks)

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