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5 - Chemical Pathology > Nutrition and Vitamins > Flashcards

Nutrition and Vitamins Flashcards

1
Q

What is the deficiency associated with Vitamin A (Retinol)?

A

Colour blindness (retinitis pigmentosa)
Night blindness

Conjunctival bitot’s spots

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2
Q
A
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2
Q
A
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3
Q

What are the signs of Vitamin A excess?

A

Exfoliation, hepatitis

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4
Q

How is Vitamin A deficiency or excess tested?

A

Serum levels

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5
Q

What is the deficiency associated with Vitamin D (Cholecalciferol)?

A

Osteomalacia/Rickets

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6
Q

What is the excess effect of Vitamin D?

A

Hypercalcaemia

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7
Q

How is Vitamin D levels tested?

A

Serum levels

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8
Q

What is the deficiency associated with Vitamin E (Tocopherol)?

A

Haemolytic Anaemia
neuropathy : ataxia / areflexia
ischaemic heart disease (IHD)

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9
Q

How is Vitamin E deficiency tested?

A

Serum levels

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10
Q

What is the deficiency associated with Vitamin K (Phytomenadione)?

A

Defective clotting

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11
Q

How is Vitamin K deficiency tested?

A

Prothrombin time (PT)

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12
Q

(3) What are the deficiency effects of Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)?

A

Beri-Beri: wet (cardiovascular), dry (neurological)
Neuropathy
Wernicke Syndrome

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13
Q

How is Vitamin B1 deficiency tested?

A

RBC transketolase

activity is reduced in deficiency of thiamine (vitamin B1),

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14
Q

What does the deficiency associated with Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) cause?

A

glossitis

Angular stomatitis

Corneal ulceration

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15
Q

How is Vitamin B2 deficiency tested?

A

RBC glutathione reductase decreases

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16
Q

3) What are the deficiency effects of Vitamin B3 (Niacin)?

A

Pellagra
(3 Ds: Dementia, Dermatitis, Diarrhoea)

Dermatitis: casal’s necklace

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17
Q

(2) What are the deficiency effects of Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)?

A

Dermatitis
Sideroblastic anaemia

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18
Q

What is the excess effect of Vitamin B6?

A

Neuropathy

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19
Q

How is Vitamin B6 deficiency tested?

A

RBC AST activation

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20
Q

(2) What are the deficiency effects of Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin)?

A

Pernicious anaemia
Subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord

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21
Q

How is Vitamin B12 deficiency tested?

A

Serum B12 levels

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22
Q

What is the deficiency associated with Vitamin C (Ascorbate)?

23
Q

What is the excess effect of Vitamin C?

A

Renal stones

24
Q

How is Vitamin C deficiency tested?

A

Plasma levels

25
Q

(2) What are the deficiency effects of Folate?

A

Megaloblastic anaemia

Weakness + Falls

Neural tube defects

26
Q

How is folate deficiency tested?

A

RBC folate levels

27
Q

What is vitamin A

28
Q

What is vitamin D?

A

Chole-calciferol

29
Q

What is vitamin E?

A

Tocopherol

30
Q

What is vitamin K?

A

Phyto-menadione

31
Q

What is vitamin B1?

32
Q

What is vitamin B2?

A

Riboflavin

33
Q

What is vitamin B3

34
Q

What is vitamin B6

A

Pyridoxine

35
Q

What is vitamin B12?

36
Q

What is vitamin C?

37
Q

What are the fat soluble vitamins?

A

Vitamin A retinol
Vitamin D cholecalciferol
Vitamin E tocopherol
Vitamin K phytomenadione

38
Q

What are the water soluble vitamins?

A

Thiamine B1
Riboflavin B2
Niacin B3
Pyridoxine B6
Cobalamin B12
Ascorbate C
Folate

39
Q

What are the trace elements?

A

Iron
Iodine
Zinc
Copper
Fluoride

40
Q

What does iron deficiency do?

A

Hypochromic anaemia

41
Q

What does Iodine deficiency do?

A

Goitre
Hypothyroid

42
Q

What does zinc deficiency do?

A

Dermatitis

43
Q

What does copper deficiency do?

44
Q

What does fluoride deficiency do?

A

Dental caries

45
Q

What deficiencies can occur because of Crohns?

A

Terminal ileum affected so B12 and fat soluble vitamin deficiency

Folate deficiency can occur in patients on methotrexate therapy

Calcium phosphate, magnesium, zin can be deranged if chronic diarrhoea

46
Q

What deficiencies can coeliac disease cause?

A

Iron
Vitamins ADEK (fat soluble)
Thiamine
Vitamin B6

47
Q

What deficiencies can chronic liver disease cause?

A

Vitamins ADEK
B12
Selenium
Magnesium
Zinc
Folate

48
Q

What deficiency can chronic kidney disease cause?

A

Protein energy wasting syndrome

49
Q

What deficiency can pancreatic insufficiency cause?

A

Vitamins ADEK

50
Q

What can cause niacin deficiency?

A

Isoniazid

Azathioprine

51
Q

What is marasmus?

A

A protein deficiency

Because of low intake of carbs, fats, and protein
No subcutaneous fat on this patient, shrivelled look, growth restriction

52
Q

What is kwashiorkor?

A

Sole protein deficiency

causes oedematous
scaling
Lethargy
large liver
subcutaneous fat

53
Q

Patient with bleeding gums, joint and bone weakness, microfractures, slow wound healing?

A

Vitamin C deficiency

5 - Chemical Pathology (19 decks)

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