Nutrition and sports

Question 1

What are the 4 major components of total energy expenditure?

Answer 1

Basal/resting metabolic rate
physical activity
growth
post prandial thermogenesis

Question 2

What are the major substrate stores?

Answer 2

Muscle glycogen
free fatty acids
glucose
amino acids
muscle triacylglycerols

Question 3

What are the major metabolic factors influencing aerobic energy production?

Answer 3

enzyme activity
substrate availability (derived from macronutrients)
co-enzyme availability (derived from micronutrients)
oxygen delivery

Question 4

What is the anaerobic threshold?

Answer 4

The point where aerobic exertion cannot be maintained when exercise intensity is progressively increased.

Question 5

What are the features of anaerobic threshold?

Answer 5

dramatic increase in ventilation rate
noticeable increase in perceived exertion
utilization of aerobic and increasingly anaerobic metabolic pathways
lactic acid accumulation in muscle and plasma

Question 6

How long does it take for energy stores to be depleted at maximum exertion?

Answer 6

1-3 seconds

Question 7

What are the 3 major ATP synthesizing systems?

Answer 7

creatine phospahte-ATP (phosphagen) system
aerobic metabolism
anaerobic metabolism

Question 8

How long does creatine phosphate provide energy for maximal contractions?

Answer 8

3-10 seconds

Question 9

How long does muscle glycogen provide energy?

Answer 9

1.5 to 2 minutes

Question 10

What is the disadvantage of glycogen loading?

Answer 10

Can result in excessive water weight gain - increased muscle tightness might compromise mobility and flexibility