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2nd yr- CSA- Nutrition and Periodontal Disease > Nutrition and Periodontal Disease > Flashcards

Nutrition and Periodontal Disease Flashcards

1
Q

Why is nutrition important?

A
  1. Nutrition moderates the immune response
  2. The rapid turnover of the PDL is dependent on vitamin A,C iron, folic acid
  3. Nutrigenomics
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2
Q

Give some nutrients that are needed for rapid turnover of the PDL to occur

A
  1. Vitamin a
  2. Vitamin C
  3. Protein
  4. Folic acid
  5. Iron
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3
Q

What Is Nutrigenomics?

A

Nutriton modifying gene expression

Study of the genetic basis for variable responses to diet

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4
Q

Give examples of major nutrients

A

Protein
Carbohydrates
Lipids

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5
Q

Give examples of minor nutrients

A

Vitamins

Minerals

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6
Q

What are vitamins?

A

Organic substances present in small quantities in food

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7
Q

Why are vitamins important?

A

They are requires to maintain metabolic reactions

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8
Q

Give examples of fat soluble vitamins

A

Vitamins A, D, E and K

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9
Q

Give examples of water soluble vitamins

A

Vitamins C,B

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10
Q

Why is vitamin A important?

A

It is essential for:

  1. Night vision
  2. Maturation of epithelial tissues
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11
Q

What can excess vitamin A lead to

A

Can cause:

  1. Gingival erosions
  2. Bleeding
  3. Loss of keratinisation
  4. Headache
  5. Dry mouth
  6. Loss of hair
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12
Q

Why is vitamin D important?

A

Essential in minting blood calcium levels and metabolism of osseous tissues

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13
Q

Where do we get vitamin D from?

A

Sunlight

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14
Q

Give some dietary sources of vitamin D

A
  1. Oily fish
  2. Cod liver oil
  3. Egg yolk
  4. Meat
  5. Milk
  6. margarine,
  7. some breakfast cereals and yoghurts
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15
Q

What can the active metabolite of Active metabolite of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D, inhibit?

A

Can inhibit cytokine production and cell proliferation

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16
Q

What is a lack of vitamin D associated with

A

periodontal diseases

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17
Q

What is vitamin C made by?

A

All plants and most animals

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18
Q

Can humans make vitamin C?

A

NO

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19
Q

Why is vitamin C important ?

A

It is required for collagen maturation (Hydroxylation of lysine and proline)

20
Q

What can vitaminC deficiency lead to?

A

Scurvy

21
Q

What can vitamin C deficient lead to ?

A 
Muscle weakness, 
swollen,
painful joints, 
tissue bleeding 
Marked gingivitis
22
Q

How can a low vitamin C diet affect your oral cavity

A

can increase gingival inflammation and bleeding but not attachment loss

23
Q

What is the recommended amount of vitaminC we would have?

A

500mg 3X daily for 4 weeks

24
Q

Which habit can decrease your vitamin C levels?

A

Smoking

25
Q

Why is vitamin B important?

A
  1. To get energy from carbohydrates and fats
  2. Important in red cell formation
  3. In proteins and amino acid metabolism
26
Q

What has one study said vitamin B does?

A

It can improve periodontal wound healing

27
Q

Why is calcium important?

A

It is required for Normal bone metabolism

28
Q

What is calcium homeostasis controlled by?

A

Controlled by parathyroid hormone and calcitonin

29
Q

What has a low calcium diet been linked with?

A

Low dietary calcium links with severe periodontal disease

30
Q

What is the link between dairy products and periodontitis?

A

Low dietary calcium results in more severe periodontal disease

31
Q

What has magnesium deficiency been associated with

A

Increased periodontal disease

32
Q

How does fibre link with periodontitis?

A

Increased fibre in diet is associated with less perio disease

33
Q

Why might increased fibre reduce the risk of periodontitis disease?

A

May be due to less dental plaque accumulation

May have nutritional benefits on periodontal tissues

34
Q

How does alcohol affect periodontal disease?

A

Alcohol consumption may b associated with increased severity of clinical attachment loss in a dose dependent fashion

35
Q

How do vegetables affect periodontal disease?

A

Increased intake of vegetables negatively correlates with periodontal disease

36
Q

Define obesity

A

defined sa sienne having a body mass index of greater than 30kg.m^2

37
Q

How many people in the UK are being classified as obese

A

29% adults

20% 11 year olds

38
Q

What is obesity a risk factor for?

A 
1. Hypertension 
2 Type 2 diabetes
3. Cornoary heat disease
4. Stroke 
5. gallbladder disease, 
6. osteoarthritis
7. sleep apnea
8. respiratory problems 
9. some types of cancer
39
Q

Give some oral coansitons that are affected by obesity

A
  1. Xerostomia
  2. Caries
  3. Periodontisis
40
Q

Give examples of fat substances that may modulate periodontitis and how hey do this

A

Adipose tissues and adipose macrophages are a source of inflammatory cytokines called adipokines or adipocytokines, which may modulate periodontitis.

41
Q

Why does increasing body fat increase likelihood of periodontitis ?

A

As Adipose tissues and adipose macrophages are a source of inflammatory cytokines called adipokines or adipocytokines, which may modulate periodontitis.

42
Q

How much more likely are you to have periodontal disease if you are obese?

A

8.6 times more likely

43
Q

Aside from BMI what else is important to consider in obesities patients?

A

Their total body fat
Their waste circumference
The location where fat is accumulating

44
Q

In relation to diet and exercise what advice would you give o patients to help reduce their risk of developing periodontal disease

A
  1. Lower calorie intake is associated with decreased periodontal disease
  2. Weight loss and exercise has shown periodontal benefits
  3. Increased physical activity is associated with lower periodontal disease
45
Q

What are the benefits of fish oils?

A

Fish oils have anti inflammatory actions which could benefit periodontal health

2nd yr- CSA- Nutrition and Periodontal Disease (2 decks)

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