Nutrition and Health

Question 1

What are the components of total energy expenditure (TEE)?

Answer 1

• Basal metabolic rate (BMR)
• physical activity (PA)
• diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT).

Question 2

What factors affect basal metabolic rate (BMR)?

Answer 2

• sex
• body weight
• body composoiton
• age
• activity level

Question 3

What is diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT)?

Answer 3

The energy expended by the body during digestion, absorption, and processing of food.

Question 4

What are macronutrients?

Answer 4

Nutrients required in large amounts for energy: protein, fat, and carbohydrates.

Question 5

What are micronutrients?

Answer 5

Essential vitamins and minerals needed in smaller amounts for body function, such as vitamin D, calcium, and iron.

Question 6

What are the goals of dietary reference intakes (DRIs)?

Answer 6

To provide guidelines for nutrient intake that meets the needs of most healthy people.

Question 7

Define prevalence and incidence.

Answer 7

Prevalence refers to the total number of cases of a disease at a given time, while incidence refers to the number of new cases.

Question 8

What are the pillars of food security?

Answer 8

Availability, access, utilization, and stability.

Question 9

What is basal metabolic rate (BMR)?

Answer 9

The number of calories your body needs to perform basic life-sustaining functions.

Question 10

How does BMR relate to health risks?

Answer 10

A lower BMR may lead to weight gain and associated health risks like metabolic disorders, while a higher BMR may reduce these risks.

Question 11

Availability

Answer 11

Refers to continuous stock of food that is quantitatively and qualitatively good for a person to eat. Uses steady flow of importation and distribution