Nutrition and growth

Question 1

What are nutrients required for ?

Answer 1

• Essential nutrients to replace losses & to grow new tissues
• Energy to permit metabolic functions
• Maintenance, growth & development
• Develop immunity

Question 2

What are the 3 main phases of growth in kids and what are each of them driven by ?

Answer 2

1. Infant (nutrient-led)
2. Child (growth hormone-led)
3. Pubertal (sex steroid(hormone)-led)

Question 3

What is the sort of deviation seen from the estimated energy requirements of the general population ?

Answer 3

Basically in terms of energy requirement half of the population will need a bit more than the estimated average requirement and half will need a bit less

Question 4

List some of the nutrients in which intake is commonly excessive

Answer 4

• Protein
• Vit C - intake above the RNI in all age groups
• Vit A - intake above the RNI in all age groups
• Sodium - intake exceeds RNI in all ages groups except 4-6 months

Question 5

List some of the nutritents in which intake is inadequate

Answer 5

Vit D - RNI below for all ages of breastfed infants of all ages, RNI is below for 12-18 months old non-breastfed infants

Question 6

What is recommended that infants taking < 500mls/d of formula per day should take ?

Answer 6

Vit A,C&D supplements

Question 7

What supplement should breast feeding mothers take ?

Answer 7

Vit D supplement

Question 8

Appreciate the intake of iorn and calcium in infants

Answer 8

Question 9

What are the UK physcial activity guidelines for kids < 5 who can walk and those who cants yet walk

Answer 9

Cant yet walk:

• Encourage walking
• Floor based & water-based activities in safe environments

Can walk:

• 180 minutes throughout the day

Question 10

What are the UK physical activity guidelines for kids 5-18 years old ?

Answer 10

≥ 60 minutes/day of moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity

OR

3 days per week - vigorous intensity activities

Question 11

What is the recommened feeding for the first 6 months of an infants life ?

Answer 11

Breast feeding

Question 12

Describe the change in feeding in infants aged roughly 6 months

Answer 12

Question 13

How does adequate nutrition in infants affect the developmental milestones in skills for eating and drinking?

Answer 13

Question 14

Describe the development of eating and drinking skills in early childhood?

Answer 14

Transition from - Being fed ===> feeding self, food supplied ===> learning to find food

Question 15

Describe the development of eating and drinking skills in school-aged kids

Answer 15

• Learning to be independent
• Developing eating patterns
• Developing behaviour patterns (activity)

Question 16

Describe the development of eating and drinking skiils in adolescence

Answer 16

• Attaining independence & ability to parent
• Accelerated growth due to increased demand

Question 17

What are some of the benefits of being breastfed for the first 6 months of life on future health ?

Answer 17

• Greater likelihood of higher IQ at 7½ years
• Lower obesity risk for baby in later life
• Lower maternal breast cancer risk

Question 18

What is recommened for optimum dental health?

Answer 18

Children should be introduced to drinking from cups or beakers from about six months of age & tooth brushing should begin as soon as teeth begin to appear