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y8 science > nutrition and digestion > Flashcards

nutrition and digestion Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

7 food groups

A

carbs, proteins, lipids, vitamins, minerals, fibre, water

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2
Q

what do carbs do

A

provide energy

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3
Q

different types of carbs

A

starch (complex) and sugar (simple)

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4
Q

what enzymes break down carbs

A

amylase and carbohydrase

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5
Q

what foods are carbs in

A

bread, rice, pasta, potatoes

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6
Q

what are proteins for

A

growth and repair

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7
Q

what enzyme breaks down protein

A

pepsin and protease

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8
Q

what are carbs broken down into

A

glucose

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9
Q

what is protein broken down into

A

amino acids

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10
Q

what is protein in

A

fish, meat, eggs, cheese, beans and peas

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11
Q

what are lipids used for

A

energy, insulation, make cell membranes

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12
Q

what are lipids

A

fat and oils

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13
Q

what enzyme breaks down lipids

A

lipase

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14
Q

what are lipids broken down into

A

fatty acids and glycerol

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15
Q

what foods are lipids in

A

butter, cheese, nuts, seeds and fish

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16
Q

what are vitamins used for

A

keep many vital processes happening

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17
Q

do vitamins need to be broken down by enzymes

A

no bc small enough to be absorbed

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18
Q

what food are vitamins found in

A

fruits and vegetables

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19
Q

vitamin a deficiency

A

blindness

20
Q

vitamin c deficiency

A

scurvy

21
Q

vitamin d deficiency

A

rickets

22
Q

what amounts are vitamins and minerals needed in

A

small amounts

23
Q

minerals (iron)

A

found in steak and used for blood

24
Q

minerals (calcium)

A

found in milk and used for teeth/bones

25
Q

minerals (sodium)

A

found in salt and used for nerves

26
Q

iron deficiency

A

anaemia

27
Q

what is fibre used for

A

keep digestive system/bowels working

28
Q

what is fibre in

A

fruit, vegetables and cereal

29
Q

what % of our body is water

A

75%

30
Q

what takes place in water

A

all digestive-system-related chemical reactions

31
Q

what is water needed for

A

cells and body fluids

32
Q

what is water contained in

A

water, fruit juice and milk

33
Q

mechanical digestion

A

chewing with teeth (mastication)

34
Q

chemical digestion

A

help of enzymes

35
Q

parts of the digestive system

A

mouth, salivary glands, oesophagus, liver, gall bladder, stomach, pancreas, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus

36
Q

digestion in the mouth

A

food is masticated, breaking it down so there’s a larger surface area for enzymes and easier to swallow
salivary amylase breaks down carbs

37
Q

digestion in the oesophagus

A

links mouth to the stomach

food goes down by wave-like muscular contractions called peristalsis

38
Q

digestion in the stomach

A

churns food into a pulp called chyme
produces pepsin to break down protein to amino acids
contains hydrochloric acid which kills harmful bacteria and low pH for enzymes to work

39
Q

digestion in the liver

A

makes a juice called bile (stored in gall bladder) which breaks fat down into smaller droplets (emulsification)
bile doesn’t contain enzymes
alkaline to give right pH for enzymes in small intestine

40
Q

digestion in the pancreas

A

made of glandular tissue which makes 3 enzymes- protease, carbohydrase and lipase
makes more amylase which would have been denatured by stomach acid

41
Q

denatured enzymes

A

enzymes that don’t work anymore

42
Q

digestion in the small intestine

A

produces more enzymes that break down protein, carbs and lipids
food is absorbed through the gut wall into the blood, which takes it around the body where it is needed
covered with millions of villi

43
Q

what are villi

A

finger-like projections that cover the small intestine

44
Q

why are villi good

A

thin outer layer of cells
good blood supply through blood capillaries
large surface area all for FROD

45
Q

adaptations of small intestine

A

thin cell wall(inner wall is only one cell thick)

large surface area

46
Q

digestion the large intestine

A

water is absorbed back into the bloodstream

47
Q

digestion in the rectum and anus

A

food we can’t digest comes out of the anus as faeces (called egestion)

y8 science (2 decks)

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