nutrition and digestion

Question 1

7 food groups

Answer 1

carbs, proteins, lipids, vitamins, minerals, fibre, water

Question 2

what do carbs do

Answer 2

provide energy

Question 3

different types of carbs

Answer 3

starch (complex) and sugar (simple)

Question 4

what enzymes break down carbs

Answer 4

amylase and carbohydrase

Question 5

what foods are carbs in

Answer 5

bread, rice, pasta, potatoes

Question 6

what are proteins for

Answer 6

growth and repair

Question 7

what enzyme breaks down protein

Answer 7

pepsin and protease

Question 8

what are carbs broken down into

Answer 8

glucose

Question 9

what is protein broken down into

Answer 9

amino acids

Question 10

what is protein in

Answer 10

fish, meat, eggs, cheese, beans and peas

Question 11

what are lipids used for

Answer 11

energy, insulation, make cell membranes

Question 12

what are lipids

Answer 12

fat and oils

Question 13

what enzyme breaks down lipids

Answer 13

lipase

Question 14

what are lipids broken down into

Answer 14

fatty acids and glycerol

Question 15

what foods are lipids in

Answer 15

butter, cheese, nuts, seeds and fish

Question 16

what are vitamins used for

Answer 16

keep many vital processes happening

Question 17

do vitamins need to be broken down by enzymes

Answer 17

no bc small enough to be absorbed

Question 18

what food are vitamins found in

Answer 18

fruits and vegetables

Question 19

vitamin a deficiency

Answer 19

blindness

Question 20

vitamin c deficiency

Answer 20

scurvy

Question 21

vitamin d deficiency

Answer 21

rickets

Question 22

what amounts are vitamins and minerals needed in

Answer 22

small amounts

Question 23

minerals (iron)

Answer 23

found in steak and used for blood

Question 24

minerals (calcium)

Answer 24

found in milk and used for teeth/bones

Question 25

minerals (sodium)

Answer 25

found in salt and used for nerves

Question 26

iron deficiency

Answer 26

anaemia

Question 27

what is fibre used for

Answer 27

keep digestive system/bowels working

Question 28

what is fibre in

Answer 28

fruit, vegetables and cereal

Question 29

what % of our body is water

Answer 29

75%

Question 30

what takes place in water

Answer 30

all digestive-system-related chemical reactions

Question 31

what is water needed for

Answer 31

cells and body fluids

Question 32

what is water contained in

Answer 32

water, fruit juice and milk

Question 33

mechanical digestion

Answer 33

chewing with teeth (mastication)

Question 34

chemical digestion

Answer 34

help of enzymes

Question 35

parts of the digestive system

Answer 35

mouth, salivary glands, oesophagus, liver, gall bladder, stomach, pancreas, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus

Question 36

digestion in the mouth

Answer 36

food is masticated, breaking it down so there's a larger surface area for enzymes and easier to swallow salivary amylase breaks down carbs

Question 37

digestion in the oesophagus

Answer 37

links mouth to the stomach | food goes down by wave-like muscular contractions called peristalsis

Question 38

digestion in the stomach

Answer 38

churns food into a pulp called chyme produces pepsin to break down protein to amino acids contains hydrochloric acid which kills harmful bacteria and low pH for enzymes to work

Question 39

digestion in the liver

Answer 39

makes a juice called bile (stored in gall bladder) which breaks fat down into smaller droplets (emulsification) bile doesn't contain enzymes alkaline to give right pH for enzymes in small intestine

Question 40

digestion in the pancreas

Answer 40

made of glandular tissue which makes 3 enzymes- protease, carbohydrase and lipase makes more amylase which would have been denatured by stomach acid

Question 41

denatured enzymes

Answer 41

enzymes that don't work anymore

Question 42

digestion in the small intestine

Answer 42

produces more enzymes that break down protein, carbs and lipids food is absorbed through the gut wall into the blood, which takes it around the body where it is needed covered with millions of villi

Question 43

what are villi

Answer 43

finger-like projections that cover the small intestine

Question 44

why are villi good

Answer 44

thin outer layer of cells good blood supply through blood capillaries large surface area all for FROD

Question 45

adaptations of small intestine

Answer 45

thin cell wall(inner wall is only one cell thick) | large surface area

Question 46

digestion the large intestine

Answer 46

water is absorbed back into the bloodstream

Question 47

digestion in the rectum and anus

Answer 47

food we can't digest comes out of the anus as faeces (called egestion)