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Science F2 > Nutrition and Diet > Flashcards

Nutrition and Diet Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a balanced diet?

A

A balanced diet is a diet that contains all the nutrient groups in correct amounts.

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2
Q

What’s are the 7 nutrient groups?

A

They are: Carbohydrates; Proteins; Lipids; Vitamins; Minerals; Water; Dietary Fibre.

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3
Q

What’s a nutrient?

A

A nutrient is an essential substance that the body needs.

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4
Q

What do Carbohydrates do? Give examples.

A

Carbohydrates provide energy for the body. Examples are bread; rice; pasta; potatoes.

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5
Q

What do Proteins do? Give examples.

A

Proteins repair the body. They provide material for new cells and help fix damaged tissue, like muscles. Examples are eggs, fish, etc.

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6
Q

What do Lipids do? Give examples.

A

Lipids provide energy to the body. Excess energy is stored in the body for long term use. Lipids insulate the body against the cold.
Examples are butter; cheese; oil.

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7
Q

What do Vitamins do? Give examples.

A

Vitamins are essential to many body processes. It boosts the immune system, and helps with the growth of bones, teeth and hair. Examples are Vitamin K, which helps with blood clotting, and Vitamin C, which prevents illness.

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8
Q

What do Minerals do? Give examples.

A

There are 16 essential minerals to the body. Examples are Calcium, which helps with the growth of bones and teeth, and Iron, which transports oxygen in blood.

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9
Q

Why do you need to have a balanced diet?
(2)

A

A balanced diet is needed to keep your body healthy and prevent malnutrition.

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10
Q

What’s WHO?

A

World Health Organization.

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11
Q

What does WHO recommend about daily calorie intake?

A

WHO (World Health Organization) recommends getting half your energy intake from carbohydrates; no more than 30% from fats; and 400 grams of fruits and vegetables.

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12
Q

What are the two main types of Carbohydrates?

A

Simple Carbohydrates and Complex Carbohydrates.

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13
Q

What are Simple Carbohydrates?

A

The basic unit of Carbohydrates are simple sugars. Examples are Fructose; Glucose; Sucrose. These are found in foods such as milk, chocolate, and fruit.

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14
Q

What are Complex Carbohydrates?

A

Complex Carbohydrates are made up of long chains of sugars joined together, known as starch. When they are broken down during digestion by amylase enzyme, they are broken down in glucose.

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15
Q

What are Proteins?

A

Proteins are compounds made up of amino acid molecules.

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16
Q

What are Peptides?

A

Peptides are long chains of amino acids.

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17
Q

How are Proteins digested?

A

Proteins are digested in the stomach and small intestine by hydrochloric acid and protease, and protein molecules are broken down into peptides (long chains of amino acids) which are broken down into SINGLE amino acids.

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18
Q

What are Lipids formed out of?

A

Lipids are made out of Oxygen, Hydrogen, and Carbon molecules.

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19
Q

What are the two types of lipids?

A

Oils: Lipids that are liquid at room temperature. Fish have a lot of oil.

Fats: Lipids that are solid at room temperature. Butter is high in fat.

20
Q

What are Lipids broken down into?

A

Lipids are broken down into fatty acids and glycerols.

21
Q

What are Lipids broken down by (which enzyme)?

A

Lipase enzyme.

22
Q

Why is fibre not a nutrient?

A

Fibre is not a nutrient because it cannot be absorbed by the body; nor does it have any calories or vitamins.

23
Q

Why is Fibre essential to the body if it is not a nutrient?

A

Fibre is still, nevertheless, essential to the body because it adds bulk to food and helps it pass through the digestive system easily; helps prevent constipation and heart disease.

24
Q

What foods are high in fibre?

A

Vegetables, Fruits, Wholegrain Cereals.

25
Q

What percentage of the body is made up of water?

A

Around 70% of human body mass is made up of body.

26
Q

Why is water needed?

A

Chemical Reactions in cells take place in water; Blood transports substances dissolved in water.

27
Q

What does the constant drinking of water replace?

A

Drinking water regularly replaces the water lost in urine, sweat and breathing.

28
Q

What factors make energy requirement differ from person to person?

A

Age; Pregnancy; Energy Level; Occupation; Gender.

29
Q

What is Malnutrition?

A

Malnutrition is a serious health problem; it happens when people do not eat the right amount of nutrients.

30
Q

Malnutrition can happen in two instances; what are they?

A

Malnutrition can happen when people do not eat enough food or lack of nutrient; this may lead to deficiency diseases and death.
Malnutrition can also happen when people eat too much food or too much food high in fat or sugar. These people may become overweight or even obese. Obesity can lead to many life-threatening conditions, for example type 2 diabetes; heart disease; some forms of cancer.

30
Q

Where does Malnutrition happen?

A

Malnutrition happens all over the world, not just in underdeveloped countries.

31
Q

What’s a deficiency disease?

A

Some people eat enough to supply their energy needs, but not enough vitamins and minerals. This can cause deficiency diseases.

32
Q

What’s the deficiency disease caused by lack of Vitamin A?

A

Loss of Vision.

33
Q

What are symptoms of Vitamin A deficiency?

A

-Night Blindness (loss of vision in darkness)
-Poor Vision
-Sometimes, complete loss of vision.

34
Q

What’s the deficiency disease caused by lack of Vitamin B1?

A

Beriberi.

35
Q

What are symptoms of Beriberi?

A

-Weak Muscles
-Very little energy to work.

36
Q

What’s the deficiency disease caused by lack of Vitamin C?

A

Scurvy.

37
Q

What are symptoms of Scurvy?

A

-Bleeding Gums
-Wounds take a long time to heal.

38
Q

What’s the deficiency disease caused by lack of Vitamin D?

A

Rickets.

39
Q

What are symptoms of Rickets?

A

Bones become soft and bent.

40
Q

What’s the deficiency disease caused by lack of Calcium?

A

Decaying Bones and Teeth.

41
Q

What are symptoms of decaying bones and teeth?

A

-Weak Bones;
-Tooth Decay.

42
Q

What is the deficiency disease caused by lack of iodine?

A

Gater.

43
Q

What are symptoms of Gater?

A

-Glands in neck appear swollen.
-Mental disability in children.W

44
Q

What is the deficiency disease caused by lack of Iron?

A

Anaemia.

45
Q

What are symptoms of Anaemia?

A

Weakness.

Science F2 (2 decks)

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