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Nutri finals > Nutrition across lifespan > Flashcards

Nutrition across lifespan Flashcards

1
Q
  • Causes infant to turn head when cheek is touched.
  • seek the nipple with mouth
A

Rooting reflex

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2
Q

VERTICLE movements of the tounge and mandible to create NEGATIVE PRESSURE.

A

Sucking reflex

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3
Q

anything put on the ANTERIOR PART of the tongue is PUSHED OUT OF THE MOUTH.

A

extrusion reflex

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4
Q

• Rooting and extrusion reflexes gradually decreases and are lost by 3 to 4 months
• Control over the lips, tongue and mandible gradually develops
• At 6 months: biting and chewing
• At 9 months: good closure of mouth

A

Swallowing Reflex

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5
Q

ENERGY (kcal) of infants (0 to 6 months)

A

560-620 kcal

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6
Q

ENERGY (kcal) of infants from 6 to 12 pants

A

630-720 kcal

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7
Q

is nature’s most nearly
perfect food for infants

A

breastfeeding

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8
Q

• Infant is fed partially from both the breast and the bottle

A

mixed feeding

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9
Q

• Infant is fed on a formula from the bottle

A

Artificial Feeding or Bottle Feeding

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10
Q

Frequency of Feeding of infants?

A
  • 10 -12 feedings per day
    • 10-15 minutes per breast
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11
Q

Signs of hunger of infants

A

• Sucking movements
• Cooing and sighing sounds
• restlessness

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12
Q

• at 6 months, aside from human or formula milk additional calories and nutrients are
needed.

A

Nutritional needs

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13
Q

• Secretions of enzymes for digestion of starch and unemulsified fats
• Gastric acidity is increased
• Maturity of kidney function

A

Physiological Readiness

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14
Q

• Disappearance of extrusion reflex
• Head and neck control
• Ability to sit up with support

A

Physical Development

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15
Q

Common Problems in Infancy
- effortless expulsion of gastric contents
caused by GI reflux

A

Regurgitation

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16
Q

Common Problems in Infancy
- acute abdominal pain which results to crying and
being irritable

A

colic

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17
Q

frequent passage of loose and watery stools

A

diarrhea

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18
Q

• Common food allergens: egg, milk and chicken

A

food allergy

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19
Q

ENERGY (kcal) of preschool (1-2 yrs old)

A

920-1000

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20
Q

ENERGY (kcal) of preschool (3 to 5 yrs old)

A

1260-1350

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21
Q

The child accepts very limited number of foods
and rejects all others.

A

food jags

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22
Q

The child lingers or dilly-dallies with his food
during mealtime.

A

dawdling

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23
Q

The child feels like vomiting especially when fed
coarse foods

A

gagging

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24
Q

• “hurriedly eaten breakfast”
• “ lunch swapping”

A

inadequate meals

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25
Q

• Fatigue (demanding school work, extra-curricular
activities
• Excitement of new experiences outside home
• Consumption of high calorie snacks (“junk foods”)
close to meal times

A

poor appetite

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26
Q

• May result to poor appetite and dental caries

A

sweet tooth

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27
Q

• Period of transition from
childhood to adulthood

A

Adolescence

28
Q

• Period characterized by increase
in hormonal secretion, rapid
growth, and appearance of
secondary sex characteristics

A

puberty

29
Q

• Most rapid phase of adolescent
growth

A

growth spurt

30
Q

• Beginning of menstrual function

A

menarche

31
Q

• Signals production of testosterone in males and estrogen in females

A

FSH and LH

32
Q

• perceived itself as fat, severe rejection of food

A

Anorexia nervosa

33
Q

• A disorder characterized by
episodes of recurrent binge-purge
cycles.
• During binges, the patient eats
large amounts of food
compulsively and quickly.

A

Bulimia Nervosa

34
Q

• A disorder characterized by
episodes of recurrent binge-purge
cycles.
• During binges, the patient eats
large amounts of food
compulsively and quickly.

A

Bulimia Nervosa

35
Q

The branch of medicine concerned
with health problems of the elderly.

A

geriatrics

36
Q

A gradual, inevitable, complex
process of progressive physiologic, cellular, and psycho-social changes that begin at conception and end at
death.

A

aging

37
Q

decreased levels of estrogen and progesterone

A

menopause

38
Q

• Period of production of milk by the mother’s
mammary gland to feed her infant

A

lactation

39
Q

Milk synthesis and secretion by the mammary
gland

A

lactogenesis

40
Q

• First liquid secreted by the mammary gland
after parturition

A

colostrum

41
Q

• Milk secreted at the beginning of one nursing
period

A

foremilk

42
Q

• Milk secreted at the end of one nursing period

A

hindmilk

43
Q

• begins during the last trimester of pregnancy. milk begins to form

A

lactogenesis I

44
Q

This stage begins 2–5 days postpartum and is marked by increased blood flow to the
mammary gland.

A

lactogenesis II

45
Q

This stage of breast milk production begins about 10 days after birth and is the stage
in which the milk composition becomes stable.

A

lactogenesis III

46
Q

how much kcal do you add during lactation?

A

+ 500

47
Q

true or false. Nutritional Inadequacies reduce the QUANTITY, not
the QUALITY of breast milk

A

true

48
Q

MILK QUALITY is maintained at the expense of?

A

maternal stores

49
Q

• Infection of the breast tissue caused by bacteria that enter the breast through
crack in the skin of the areola or through the opening to the milk duct and can
multiply leading to pain, redness and swelling of breast

A

mastitis

50
Q

• occurs when breasts are overfilled with milk
• common in first-time mothers
• occurs when the supply-and-demand process is not yet established, and the
milk is abundant

A

engorgement

51
Q

• Real or perceived insufficient milk supply is the most common reason for
cessation of breastfeeding

A

low milk supply

52
Q

Practices Incompatible with Lactation

A

alcohol, smoking, caffeine, oral contraceptives

53
Q

• Produced during later stages of pregnancy and is present in highest
concentration during first few days of lactation
• High in protein, immunoglobulins, and vitamins and minerals
• Promotes growth of bifidus flora and maturation of the GIT and meconium
passage.

A

colostrum

54
Q

• Produced 1-2 weeks post partum
• Higher in fat and lactose and lower in protein and minerals
than colostrum

A

transitional milk

55
Q

– Produced at the 15th day of lactation
– Composed of emulsified fat and lactose; provides
20-22 calories per ounce (0.72kcal/ml)

A

mature milk

56
Q

• is a law that ensures safe and adequate nutrition for infants through
the promotion of breastfeeding and the regulation of promotion,
distribution, selling, advertising, product public relations, and
information services artificial milk formulas and other covered
products.

A

EO 51. Milk Code

57
Q

• Policies:
• Rooming in of infants born by Normal Spontaneous Delivery (NSD) and
healthy, within 30 minutes after delivery.
• Rooming in of infants born through Caesarian Section (CS) and healthy, within
3 to 4 hour after delivery

A

RA 7600: Rooming In and Breastfeeding Act

58
Q

pregnancy is also known as?

A

gestation

59
Q

how long is pregnancy

A

266 - 280 days or 40 weeks

60
Q

• The first 2 weeks of gestation during which the fertilized ovum (zygote)
becomes embedded in the wall of the uterus and begins to grow
• Sometimes called “period of blastogenesis”

A

Period of Implantation

61
Q

Embryonic period characterized by cell differentiation, formation of
organs and structure of the developing fetal tissue.

A

Period of Organogenesis

62
Q

3rd
- 9th month of pregnancy; differentiated tissues are nourished
through the placenta and continue to grow until they reach a
functional size capable of supporting extrauterine life.

A

period of growth

63
Q

• Supply fetus with nutrients and
oxygen
• Stores nutrients particularly
vitamins
• Synthesize hormones
• Removes fetal waste products

A

placenta

64
Q

• Upper end of the neural tube fails to close; brain is either
missing or fails to develop

A

anencephaly

65
Q

• Incomplete closure of the spinal cord and its bony
encasement; may cause paralysis, dislocated hip, curvature of
the spine, muscle weakness, mental handicaps, kidney
disorders, motor and sensory losses

A

• Spina Bifida

66
Q

a congenital form of
hypothyroidism that leads to
diminished physical and mental
development.

A

cretinism

Nutri finals (2 decks)

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