Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

What do kids spend energy on?

A

50% basal metabolism
25% physical activity
12% growth
8% faecal loss

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2
Q

The eatwell plate suggest what plate composiiton for children?

A

Carbs 57%

Fats 27% (much more than adult as needed for brain and nueronal development)

Protein 16%

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3
Q

Impacts of obesity on kids?

A

Emotional and behavioural issues

  • bullying, low self esteem
  • school absence

Future health problems

  • diabetes, chd
  • breathing difficulties
  • dental carries
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4
Q

What are the clinical effects of malnutrition

A
Immunity - increased infection
Impaired wound healing
Liver fatty changes 
Psychological - depression
Anorexia - poor muscle strength
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5
Q

What is the barker hypothesis?

A

TheBarker hypothesisproposed that adverse nutrition in early life, including prenatally as measured by birth weight, increased susceptibility to the metabolic syndrome which includes obesity, diabetes, insulin insensitivity, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia and complications that include coronary heart disease

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6
Q

What health risks come with being small for gestational age and LGA?

A
Increased risk of:
Neonatal hypoglycaemia 
CVD
T2DM
Metabolic syndrome
HTN

LGA:
Obesity and T2DM

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7
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of breastfeeding?

A

Advantages:
Readily available, natural, antibodies, all nutrients
Reduces risks of infection

Disadvantages:
HIV+ mums cant
If mum is nutrient deficient, breastmilk is insufficient

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8
Q

If kid xomes in with difficult behaviour or mood, what questions to ask?

A

Diet hx is very important as poor nutrition can affect concentration, behaviour etc

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9
Q

What are the consequences of anorexia?

A
Growth retardation
Pubertal delay
Osteopaenia or osteoporosis
Cardiovascular changes
Brain changes

Refeeding syndrome

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10
Q

What must a nutritional hx involve?

A

Types of food, food groups eaten
Do they eat red meats, green leafy veg, fortified cereals, eggs - iron sources

How do they eat - eating patterns
Amount of food
Type of fluid ingested

Ask them to talk you through average day of eating

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11
Q

What does a nutritional exam involve?

A

Measure weight and height
General exam for signs of deficiency:

Rickets, dental carries, clubbing
Extra Gi manifestations of GI diseases

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12
Q

What are the feed intake requirements in babies?

A

0-10kg - 100ml/kg
10-20: 50ml/kg
>20kg : 20ml/kg

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