Nutrition Flashcards
What do kids spend energy on?
50% basal metabolism
25% physical activity
12% growth
8% faecal loss
The eatwell plate suggest what plate composiiton for children?
Carbs 57%
Fats 27% (much more than adult as needed for brain and nueronal development)
Protein 16%
Impacts of obesity on kids?
Emotional and behavioural issues
- bullying, low self esteem
- school absence
Future health problems
- diabetes, chd
- breathing difficulties
- dental carries
What are the clinical effects of malnutrition
Immunity - increased infection Impaired wound healing Liver fatty changes Psychological - depression Anorexia - poor muscle strength
What is the barker hypothesis?
TheBarker hypothesisproposed that adverse nutrition in early life, including prenatally as measured by birth weight, increased susceptibility to the metabolic syndrome which includes obesity, diabetes, insulin insensitivity, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia and complications that include coronary heart disease
What health risks come with being small for gestational age and LGA?
Increased risk of: Neonatal hypoglycaemia CVD T2DM Metabolic syndrome HTN
LGA:
Obesity and T2DM
What are the advantages and disadvantages of breastfeeding?
Advantages:
Readily available, natural, antibodies, all nutrients
Reduces risks of infection
Disadvantages:
HIV+ mums cant
If mum is nutrient deficient, breastmilk is insufficient
If kid xomes in with difficult behaviour or mood, what questions to ask?
Diet hx is very important as poor nutrition can affect concentration, behaviour etc
What are the consequences of anorexia?
Growth retardation Pubertal delay Osteopaenia or osteoporosis Cardiovascular changes Brain changes
Refeeding syndrome
What must a nutritional hx involve?
Types of food, food groups eaten
Do they eat red meats, green leafy veg, fortified cereals, eggs - iron sources
How do they eat - eating patterns
Amount of food
Type of fluid ingested
Ask them to talk you through average day of eating
What does a nutritional exam involve?
Measure weight and height
General exam for signs of deficiency:
Rickets, dental carries, clubbing
Extra Gi manifestations of GI diseases
What are the feed intake requirements in babies?
0-10kg - 100ml/kg
10-20: 50ml/kg
>20kg : 20ml/kg