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NCLEX Review > Nutrition > Flashcards

Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

Folic acid

A

Green leafy veggies
Liver, beef, fish
Legumes
Grapefruit, oranges

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2
Q

Niacin

A

Meat, chicken, fish
Beans
Peanuts
Grains

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3
Q

Thiamine (B1)

A

Pork
Nuts
Whole-grain cereals
Legumes

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4
Q

Riboflavin (B2)

A

Milk
Lean meats, fish
Grains

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5
Q

Pyridoxine (B6)

A

Yeast, corn

Meat, chicken, fish

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6
Q

Cobalamin (B12)

A

Meat, liver

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7
Q

Vitamin C

A

Citrus fruits

Tomatoes, broccoli, cabbage

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8
Q

Vitamin A

A 
Liver
Egg yolk
Whole milk
Green or orange veggies 
Fruits
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9
Q

Vitamin D

A

Fortified milk
Fish oils
Cereal

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10
Q

Vitamin E

A

Vegetable oils
Green leafy veggies
Cereals
Apricots, apples, peaches

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11
Q

Vitamin K

A

Green leafy veggies

Cauliflower, cabbage

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12
Q

Calcium

A 
Cheese
Collard greens
Milk and soy milk
Rhubarb 
Sardines
Tofu
Yogurt
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13
Q

Chloride

A

Salt

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14
Q

Iron

A 
Breads and cereals 
Dark green veggies
Dried fruits 
Egg yolk
Legumes
Liver, meats
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15
Q

Magnesium

A 
Almonds 
Avocado
Canned white tuna 
Cauliflower 
Cooked rolled oats
Green leafy veggies 
Milk 
Peanut butter
Peas
Pork, beef, chicken 
Potatoes 
Raisins 
Soybeans 
Yogurt
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16
Q

Phosphorus

A 
Dairy products 
Fish
Nuts
Pumpkin
Organ meats
Pork, beef,  chicken
Squash
Whole-grain breads and cereals
17
Q

Potassium

A 
Avocado
Bananas, cantaloupe, oranges 
Carrots, mushrooms
Fish, pork, beef, veal 
Potatoes 
Raisins 
Spinach
Strawberries 
Tomatoes
18
Q

Sodium

A 
Bacon, cured pork, hot dogs, lunch meat
Butter
Canned foods
Cheese
Ketchup, mustard 
Milk
Processed foods, snack foods 
Soy sauce 
Table salt 
White and whole-wheat bread
19
Q

Zinc

A

Eggs
Leafy veggies
Meats
Protein-rich foods

20
Q

Infant

A
  • Breastfeed for first 6 months w/addition of foods from 6-12 months
  • Intro new foods 4-7 days apart to identify allergies
  • No cows milk before 1 YO
  • No honey or corn syrup before 1 YO —> risk of botulism
21
Q

Toddlers & preschoolers

A
  • Whole milk until 2 YO to ensure adequate fatty acid intake
  • Limit foods that are choking hazards —> hotdogs, candy, nuts, grapes, popcorn, raw veggies
22
Q

School-aged

A
  • @ risk for high intake of fats, sugar, & salt-related snack food
  • Promote healthy choices & physical activity
23
Q

Adolescent

A
  • Energy needs increase —> increased protein, calcium (bone growth), iron (menstrual losses, muscle development)
  • Increased intake of iodine and B-complex vitamins necessary for thyroid development & metabolism
  • Fast food = risk of malnutrition and obesity
  • Onset of eating D/O common
24
Q

Young & middle adults

A
  • Energy needs decrease

- Lack of physical activity & access to healthy foods = obesity

25
Q

Pregnancy

A
  • Protein requirements = 60 g/day
  • Increased calcium needs —> fetal bone mineralization
  • Iron supplements —> increased blood vol
  • Folic acid —> required for DNA synthesis & RBC production
26
Q

Breastfeeding

A
  • Encourage intake of protein, calcium, Vitamins A/B/C
  • Adequate fluid intake
  • Consume additional 500kcal/day —> support adequate production of milk
  • Avoid ETOH, caffeine, drugs
27
Q

Older adults

A
  • Energy needs decreased S/T slowed metabolism
  • Age-related changes —> changes in teeth & saliva production, reduced taste & smell, decreased thirst sensation, decreased gag reflex
  • Ensure adequate calcium & vitamin D to prevent osteoporosis
28
Q

Gas-forming foods

A

Apples, artichokes, barley, beans, bran, broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, celery, figs, melons, milk, molasses, nuts, onions, radishes, soybeans, wheat, yeast

29
Q

Sodium-free spices

A

Allspice, almond extract, bay leaves, caraway seeds, cinnamon, curry powder, garlic powder, ginger, lemon extract, maple extract, marjoram, mustard powder, nutmeg

30
Q

Measures to relieve thirst

A
  • Chew gum or suck hard candy
  • Freeze fluids so they take longer to consume
  • Add lemon juice to water to make it more refreshing
  • Gargle w/refrigerated mouthwash

NCLEX Review (3 decks)

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