Nutrition

Question 1

What is the normal range for a BMI?

Answer 1

18.5-24.9 kg/m^2

Question 2

What are the kcal/g for protein, carbs, fats, and alcohol?

Answer 2

Protein: 4 kcal/g
Carbs: 4 kcal/g
Fats: 9 kcal/g
Alcohol: 7 kcal/g

Question 3

What are the macronutrient ranges for fat, carbs, and protein?

Answer 3

Fat: 20-35%
Carbs: 45-65%
Protein: 10-35%

Question 4

How many grams of fiber is recommended a day?

Answer 4

20-35g

Question 5

What is DASH?

Answer 5

Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension. Program to reduce Na intake.

Question 6

What is Vitamin D and calcium deficiency associated with?

Answer 6

Rickets, skeletal abnormalities

Question 7

What diseases are associated with Thiamine (B1) deficiencies?

Answer 7

Wernicke-Korsakoff and beriberi

Question 8

What is the difference between dry beriberi and wet beriberi?

Answer 8

Dry: muscle wasting, partial paralysis
Wet: peripheral edema, cardiac failure

Question 9

What are the coenzyme forms of Riboflavin (B2) and what symptoms are associated with its deficiency?

Answer 9

FAD/FMN. Malabsorption/oral issues.

Question 10

What are the coenzyme forms of Niacin (B3) and what diseases are associated with its deficiency?

Answer 10

NAD(H) and NADP(H). Pellagra and Hartnup disease.

Question 11

What is Pellagra and what vitamin deficiency is it associated with?

Answer 11

4Ds (Diarrhea, Dementia, Dermatitis, Death). Deficiency in Niacin (B3).

Question 12

What is the clinical manifestation of a deficiency in Pantothenic Acid (B5)?

Answer 12

Burning feet syndrome

Question 13

What is the clinical manifestation of a Pyridoxine (B6) deficiency?

Answer 13

Sideroblastic anemia

Question 14

What is the clinical manifestation of a Biotin (B7) deficiency?

Answer 14

Multiple carboxylase deficiency (MCD). Multiple metabolic enzymes inhibited.

Question 15

What are common causes for a deficiency in Folic Acid (B9)?

Answer 15

Alcoholism and pregnancy

Question 16

What effect does Folic Acid (B9) deficiency have to pregnancies?

Answer 16

Can lead to a neural tube defect (spina bifida)

Question 17

What are common causes of a Cobalamin (B12) deficiency?

Answer 17

Pernicious anemia (most common), chronic pancreatitis, long-term total vegan diet, resection of terminal ileum

Question 18

What is the clinical manifestation of an Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C) deficiency?

Answer 18

Scurvy (Arrrrrrr)

Question 19

Vitamin K levels are important when taking what kind of drug and why?

Answer 19

Blood thinners because Vitamin K is a coagulant

Question 20

What is the role of Vitamin E?

Answer 20

Antioxidant

Question 21

What is the main function of Vitamin A?

Answer 21

Vision and maintenance of epithelium

Question 22

What are the 4 forms of Vitamin A?

Answer 22

Retinol, Retinoic acid, Retinal, and retinyl esters

Question 23

What are the causes and clinical manifestations of a Vitamin A deficiency?

Answer 23

Extreme malnutrition, fat malabsorption, and liver cirrhosis. Leads to night blindness and other eye problems.

Question 24

What are the differences between Kwashiorkor and Marasmus malnutrition?

Answer 24

Kwashiorkor: Caused by sufficient calories but insufficient protein. Leads to distended abdomen, hepatomegaly, and edema of hands and feet.

Marasmus: Caused by protein and calorie deficiency. Leads to emaciation, stunted growth, and apathy.