Nutrition Flashcards
What is the normal range for a BMI?
18.5-24.9 kg/m^2
What are the kcal/g for protein, carbs, fats, and alcohol?
Protein: 4 kcal/g
Carbs: 4 kcal/g
Fats: 9 kcal/g
Alcohol: 7 kcal/g
What are the macronutrient ranges for fat, carbs, and protein?
Fat: 20-35%
Carbs: 45-65%
Protein: 10-35%
How many grams of fiber is recommended a day?
20-35g
What is DASH?
Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension. Program to reduce Na intake.
What is Vitamin D and calcium deficiency associated with?
Rickets, skeletal abnormalities
What diseases are associated with Thiamine (B1) deficiencies?
Wernicke-Korsakoff and beriberi
What is the difference between dry beriberi and wet beriberi?
Dry: muscle wasting, partial paralysis
Wet: peripheral edema, cardiac failure
What are the coenzyme forms of Riboflavin (B2) and what symptoms are associated with its deficiency?
FAD/FMN. Malabsorption/oral issues.
What are the coenzyme forms of Niacin (B3) and what diseases are associated with its deficiency?
NAD(H) and NADP(H). Pellagra and Hartnup disease.
What is Pellagra and what vitamin deficiency is it associated with?
4Ds (Diarrhea, Dementia, Dermatitis, Death). Deficiency in Niacin (B3).
What is the clinical manifestation of a deficiency in Pantothenic Acid (B5)?
Burning feet syndrome
What is the clinical manifestation of a Pyridoxine (B6) deficiency?
Sideroblastic anemia
What is the clinical manifestation of a Biotin (B7) deficiency?
Multiple carboxylase deficiency (MCD). Multiple metabolic enzymes inhibited.
What are common causes for a deficiency in Folic Acid (B9)?
Alcoholism and pregnancy
What effect does Folic Acid (B9) deficiency have to pregnancies?
Can lead to a neural tube defect (spina bifida)
What are common causes of a Cobalamin (B12) deficiency?
Pernicious anemia (most common), chronic pancreatitis, long-term total vegan diet, resection of terminal ileum
What is the clinical manifestation of an Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C) deficiency?
Scurvy (Arrrrrrr)
Vitamin K levels are important when taking what kind of drug and why?
Blood thinners because Vitamin K is a coagulant
What is the role of Vitamin E?
Antioxidant
What is the main function of Vitamin A?
Vision and maintenance of epithelium
What are the 4 forms of Vitamin A?
Retinol, Retinoic acid, Retinal, and retinyl esters
What are the causes and clinical manifestations of a Vitamin A deficiency?
Extreme malnutrition, fat malabsorption, and liver cirrhosis. Leads to night blindness and other eye problems.
What are the differences between Kwashiorkor and Marasmus malnutrition?
Kwashiorkor: Caused by sufficient calories but insufficient protein. Leads to distended abdomen, hepatomegaly, and edema of hands and feet.
Marasmus: Caused by protein and calorie deficiency. Leads to emaciation, stunted growth, and apathy.
