Nutrition Flashcards
What are linoleic acids, oleic acids, & linoleic acids?
Essential fatty acids
What is RDA for carbohydrates?
130g/day
I have to eat red meats, eggs, milk, milk products, and poultry to get this type of nutrition?
Essential amino acids
I am the bodies main source of energy. I am also necessary for internal organ function/nervous system and muscle function, help regulate protein and fat metabolism, fight infection, promote body tissue growth, and my fiber aids with GI disorders and reduce blood cholesterol.
Carbohydrates
What is the RDA for protein?
46-56 g/day.
List nutrients.
Carbohydrates, protein, fats, water, vitamins, minerals.
Which age group do you provide finger foods?
Toddlers & Preschool Children
What is the main concern with infant nutrition?
Food allergies-introduce one food per week at a time.
Poor nutrition signs of the tongue.
Magenta, papillae atrophy or hypertrophy
A sign of poor nutrition with yellow bumps around eyes
Xanthelasma
I am the most essential of all nutrients.
Water
I am absorbed in the small intestine and stored in the liver.
Fat-soluble vitamins
I am produced by the liver.
Nonessential amino acids
I am the only plant source of all 9 essential amino acids.
Soybean
I am a type of carbohydrate that cannot be broken down through digestion.
Fiber
My food source is from dark green leafy vegetables, legumes, whole grains, rice, and wheat germ.
Folic acid
I help protect the body against infections.
Vitamin C
I aid in the absorption of calcium and phosphorus.
Vitamin D
My function is to build and replace tissues and cells, am a source of energy, maintain fluid and electrolyte balance, transport nutrients and produces antibodies/enzymes/hormones.
Protein
My function is that I am a concentrated form of energy. I am also a source of fatty acids, dissolve and transport fat-soluble vitamins, insulate for temperature control, protect organs, and help with the transmission of nerve impulses.
Fats
My function is essential for proper body functioning, building tissue, cellular function, and reactions to release carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
Vitamins
I need to take in 1mL/calorie intake of this nutrient plus 500 mL.
Water
I am a component of fat which is only found in animal products and palm and coconut oil.
Cholesterol
This age group needs to decrease fat, sodium, and simple sugars in their nutrition.
Adults
This age group eating habits are influenced by economic status, disabilities, disease, access to food, and physiologic changes.
Older adults
I am necessary for blood clotting.
Vitamin K
If I am deficient in this type of vitamin, I may have tongue inflammation, scaly skin, anemia, and cataracts.
Vitamin B2
If I am deficient in this type of vitamin, I may have pernicious anemia, anorexia, and various psychiatric disorders.
Vitamin B12
If I am deficient in this type of vitamin, I may have scurvy, anemia, or swollen or bleeding gums.
Vitamin C
I need to eat more apricots, bananas, oranges, broccoli, carrots, milk, legumes, and peanut butter to get more of this type of mineral.
Potassium
My function is to build strong teeth and bones, make protein, and regulate the heartbeat.
Magnesium
If I am deficient in this type of mineral I may have edema of the lower extremities.
Sodium
My function is to form hemoglobin.
Iron
My RDA is 20-30g/day.
Fats
Health experts recommend 21-38g of this nutrient per day.
Fiber
With 1 gram of this nutrient, I supply 4 calories.
Carbohydrates
Choose bread, pasta, cereal, rice, and potatoes.
Complex carbohydrates
The rate at which a carbohydrate raises blood glucose.
Glycemic index
I am found in salmon, trout, halibut, sardines, tuna, canola oil, soybean oil, and walnuts.
Omega-3 fatty acids
If I have heart disease, my RDA for saturated fats is:
less than 7%
I can be found in prepackaged/frozen foods, chips, and fast food and need to have less than 1% if I have heart disease.
Trans fats
I have a psychological disorder which makes me believe I am obese so I severely restrict my caloric intake and exercise excessively.
Anorexia nervosa
I have a BMI of 31.
Obesity
I tend to eat a lot at one sitting because I have lack of control, feelings of guilt, embarrasment, and disgust.
Binge eating
I have difficulty swallowing.
Dysphagia
How do you measure for inserting an NG tube?
Measure from the xiphoid process to the ear to the nose.
What is the number one concern for someone who suffers from dysphagia?
Aspiration
My diet consists of fluids, custards, ice cream, pudding, and cooked refined cereals.
Full liquid diet
Discuss the irrigating portion of removing an NG.
Flush tube with 20 mL sterile water and then 20 mL air.
How do you check for proper placement of an NG or gastrostomy tube?
Aspirate 5-10 mL and return.
What do you do if there is no aspirate from an NG?
Instill 10-20 mL of air and then attempt to reaspirate.
I am a disease associated with a large degree of diarrhea, weight loss, and muscle wasting.
HIV/AIDS
Substance related disorders affect the liver causing:
Vitamin/mineral deficiency, fluid & electrolyte imbalance, thiamine deficiency.
What do you do after administering medications through an NG tube?
Irrigate with 30mL sterile water.
What do you do if the patient is coughing and it is very uncomfortable while you are inserting an NG tube?
Stop and look at the back of the throat to see if the tube has coiled and then reattempt insertion.
What type of tube is used when nutrition must be intestinally absorbed?
Small bore feeding tube 8-10 Fr.
What are the 5 reasons for insertion of an NG tube?
To provide nutrition, stomach decompression, gastric lavage, obtain lab specimens, or give medications.
How do you position the patient once the NG tube reaches the back of the throat and what other intervention can assist with movement of the tube?
Chin to chest and swallowing sips of water.
My type of diet consists of mashed or chopped food.
Soft diet.
My diet consists of gelatin, popsicles and broth.
Clear liquid diet.
What must you assess for after removing an NG?
Assess for nausea, vomiting, or abdominal distention every 2 hours after removing NG.
Why and how often are residuals checked for while tube feeds are being administered?
Residuals are checked every 4 hours and returned to determine if tube feed is being digested.
I can only be administered through a large vein-central veins or peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC).
TPN.
