Nutrition Flashcards
Advantages of breastfeeding for the infant
- provides the ideal nutrition for infants during the first 4-6 months of life
- is life-saving in developing countries
- reduces the risk of GI and respiratory infection, otitis media, and NEC
- enhances the mother-child relationship
- reduces the risk of insulin-dependent diabetes, hypertension and obesity in later life
Advantages of breastfeeding for the mother
- promotes close attachment between mother and baby
- increases the time interval between children, important in reducing birth rate in developing countries
- reduces risk of breast and ovarian cancer and T2DM
Potential complications of breastfeeding
- unknown intake
- tranmission of infection (maternal CMV, hep B and HIV)
- breast milk jaundice
- transmission of drugs
- nutrient inadequacies beyond 6months
- potential transmission of environmental contaminants
- less flexible
- emotional upset
What is breast milk made up of in the first few days and how does it differ from mature milk?
Colostrum
- higher content of protein and immunoglobulin
When should the first breastfeed take place?
- as soon as possible after birth
What is formula milk made up of?
modified cow’s milk
When is breastfeeding/formula recommended until?
12 months, advantages in continuing to 18 months
What is pasteurised cow’s milk given before 12 months associated with?
increased risk of iron deficiency. May be given from 1y of age
When is specialised formula used?
- preterm infant
- cow’s milk protein allergy
- lactose intolerance
- CF
- neonatal cholestatic liver disease
- following neonatal intestinal resection
What makes up cow’s milk-based formula?
- cow’s milk protein
- lactose
- long-chail triglycerides
What makes up specialised formula?
- hydrolysed cow’s milk, amino acids or soya
- glucose polymer
- medium-chain and long-chain triglycerides
When should solid food be introduced?
Around 6 months of age, not before 17 weeks and no later than 26 weeks
What are the causes of faltering growth?
- inadequate intake
- inadequate retention
- malabsorption
- failure to utilise nutrients
- increased requirements
e.gs for all
What to include in a dietary history?
- history of milk feeding
- age at weaning
- range and type of foods now taken
- mealtime routine
- eating and feeding behaviours
- 3-day fod diary
- observe meal being taken if possible
Name two types of protein-calorie malnutrition
- marasmus
- kwashiorkor
