Nutrition Flashcards
1
Q
Full-fat soya treatment is done by
A
Uni-pro soya
2
Q
What does a complete premix contain?
A
Vitamins, minerals (=microelements, macro-elements)
3
Q
What is the protein content of cereals? (corn, wheat, barley, oat, rye)
A
10-15%
4
Q
What happens when lignin content increases?
A
Digestibility decreases and feed intake decreases
5
Q
What can lectins cause?
A
They adhere to the mucous membrane of the intestine, and damage/difficult the absorption of Ca2+
6
Q
What is the highest dose of carbide (urea) a cow can eat=
A
20-30g / 100kg BW
7
Q
What does feed intolerance mean?
A
Reproducible and unpleasant reaction to a specific ingredient, which is biochemically or physiologically based
8
Q
In investigation of feedstuff, you can detect:
A
Feather meal, fish meal
9
Q
What are the anti nutritive factors of Vicia faba (horse bean)?
A
Tannin (exam paper), Lupinin and Spartein (lecture notes)
10
Q
What is the anti nutritive factor of alfalfa?
A
Saponin
11
Q
What is the discount factor of corn silage?
A
0.053 = 5.3%
12
Q
What are the end products in Pectin degradation?
A
VFAs, lactic acids and succinate
13
Q
What are the end products in Cellulose degradation?
A
Acetic acid, succinate, ethanol, formic acid, CO2, H2
14
Q
What are molasses a good source of?
A
Energy and S
15
Q
The discount factor of corn silage is 0.053. it means?
A
The digestibility of the corn silage will decrease by 5.3%
16
Q
Which are used as a liquid protein source?
A
Neither (i.e. neither molasses or propylene glycol)
17
Q
What is the principle of silage making?
A
Anaerobe fermentation with lactic acid production
18
Q
Which amino acid is most sensitive to the over-heating of feed?
A
Lysine
19
Q
Can be used as silage additives
A
All of them (Cereal grains, molasses, organic acids, dried sugar beet pulp, mineral acids, biological additives)
20
Q
What is the meaning of bulky feed?
A
Big volume with low dry matter content
21
Q
What kind of feed is the roughage?
A
Bulky feed
22
Q
How big is the crude fibre content of roughage?
A
about 18%
23
Q
What is the source of gossypol?
A
Cottonseed, field bean
24
Q
If by-pass category in feedstuff is small
A
Most nitrogen of the feedstuff will be degraded in the rumen
25
How do we sterilise lab feed?
Gamma irradiation
26
What is the consequence of fibre deficiency?
Digestion problems
27
What can be the cause of eye cataracts?
Excessive amount of fishmeal/bad fishmeal; which causes an increase in cholesterol
28
How should motherless rabbits be fed?
Freeze-dried colostrum with additional vitamins, bacteria and enzymes
29
In which of the following substances is the energy value 5MJ/kg?
Straw
30
What is the Ca:P ratio in pasture grass?
2:1
31
Which one is a feeding standard?
NRC --> committee on Animal Nutrition, National Research Council
32
Which factors decrease digestibility of proteins?
Crude fibre, Age, Anti nutritive substance
33
What is the P:E ratio in duck food?
CP: 11%
DCP: 5%
DE: 10 MJ/g
ME: 11 MJ/g
34
What kind of feed has the highest by-pass character?
Blood meal
35
How do we measure presence/amount of trypsin inhibition in food?
Trypsin-urease reaction
36
What is the crude protein content in:
```
Cereals: 10-15%
Rapeseed: 37%
Soybean: 45%
Fish meal: 65%
Blood meal: 92%
```
37
How is extracted soybean obtained?
Solvent extraction, mechanical pressing, extrusion, essential amino acid (may also be autoclaving, enzymes)
38
What is the character of a potato?
Bulky and concentrated
39
What is the character of hay?
Bulky and non-concentrated
40
What is the character of grains?
Non-bulky and concentrated
41
What is the effect of plant fibres in digestibility?
Decreases it
42
What is grinder wheat good for?
Monogastric animals - decreased concentration in alimentary energy
43
These are feeds, which are marked with the message "Beneficial effect on health without residue building" Give and example
Nutraceuticals --> amino acids, vitamin, mineral supplements, fish, oil, garlic and ginseng
44
For this animal, its roughage requirement is at least 0.5kg/100kg BW
Horse
45
Extracted oilseed meals contain approximately how much CP?
35-50% (soybean --> 45%)
46
Could milk be described as bulky with low DM content?
Yes
47
What are the possible methods for heat treatment?
Hydro-thermic (autoclaving, flaking, wet extrusion, wet expandation, toasting)
Dry-thermic (air, pulverisation, direct drying, dry extrusion, dry expandation, micronisation, cooking via microwave, roasting)
48
What is the protein requirement of pig and maintenance requirements?
33% (protein requirement) 14.8g for a swine 40kg (maintenance)
49
What is the energy protein content measurement unit in the different species?
DE: Horse, pig, rabbit
ME: Poultry
NE: Cattle, sheep
50
What is the consequence of animal-derived feed?
BSE, MFD, Swine fever, Salmonellosis, Camplobacterios, Listeriosis, E.Coli --> hence prohibited for food producing animals
51
What is a good pH for silage?
4-4.2
52
Continuous grazing is less effective than
Both of them (rotational grazing and strip grazing)
53
Liberation of ammonia during heat processing of feeds indicated that there are:
Reactions between protein molecules
54
If the quality of corn silage is good, is contains the acid:
Lactic acid
55
Its crude fibre content is usually higher than 20% in:
Both of them (Meadow hay, alfalfa hay)
56
The substitution number (SN) of corn is 0.3, it means that by adding 1kg DM of corn to the forage, the DM intake from the forage is
Decreased by 0.3kg
57
Its crude protein content is between 20 and 30% on DM basis
Green alfalfa
58
If the by-pass category of feedstuff is low, it means most of its protein content:
Will be degraded in the rumen
59
Its protein requirement in the practice may be expressed in crude protein
Laying duck
60
By increasing the signing content of the feeds:
The feed intake decreases
61
For determination of the nutrients' digestibility by a total collection method:
Registration of the feed intake and collection of the faeces are required
62
It published feeding recommendations
ARC
| The effect of feeding protein according to the ARC (1984) and NRC (1989) recommendations
63
Its most important anti nutritive factors are saponins
Alfalfa
64
Bulky feeds have
Low DM content related to the whole volume
65
The protein overeating
Causes worse nidation
66
They can be used as silage additives
Molasses
67
Which biogenic amine can cause food/feed allergy, with skin syndromes?
Histamine
68
The most significant risk of drug-induced nutrient deficiencies occurs in old dogs with
Marginal nutrient intake and chronic diseases
69
Green chops
Are more digestible than hay
70
The slimming diet of dog and cat may contain higher level of:
Low degradable starch
| L-carnithine, vitamin A, trivalent (organic) chromium
71
In case of congestive heart failure, you should choose feeds which is
Low in sodium (Na)
72
It has high buffering capacity
Alfalfa silage
73
The protein:energy (P:E) ratio of feedstuff means
P:E --> the amount of protein in gram related to 1 MJ energy
74
Peroxide number in good feedstuff
< 20
75
Rapeseed contains
Erucic acid
76
Humidity in:
Air dried feed: 20-25%
| Field fungi: higher storage as in storage fungi
77
In this case the Cation-Anion balance of feed can be advantageous
Dry cow
78
Abortion can be caused by
Neither (Nor photo-oestrogens or F2 toxins)
79
The limiting essential amino acid in extracted soybean meal is
Lysine
80
Does not occur when feed is given in an unrecognisable form
```
Feed inversion
(what occurs in feed allergy, feed intolerance, feed interaction)
```
81
This amino acid has a characteristic role in nutrition
alpha-L-optic form (exception: Methionine)
82
The alkali state of nutrition says "the more acidic material that is produced by the body.."
".. the more basic material must be taken via food"
83
T-2 toxins cause:
Decreased protein synthesis and opisthonus
84
What is the percentage of crude fibre of wheat bran?
10-12%
85
The essence of the energetically food
- TDN (g/kg DM) = digested crude protein (DCP) + 2.25 + DEE + DCF
- Or TE - E faeces = DE (E count of urine + E count of combined gases) = ME
From 100% ME, x% will be counted to:
70-80% NEm, 60-70% NEl, 30-60% NEg
86
Energy protein count of food in different species
ME: poultry
DE: Rabbit, Eq, pig
NE: NEl: Dairy cows, NEm + NEg: Beef cattle and sheep
AMEn: used as a correction for N retention in young growing poultry
AME: used in adult poultry
87
Peroxidase number, what does it mean?
Concentration of peroxidase in an oil or fat
88
Acid number, what does it mean?
Mass of NaOH needed to neutralise sample
89
Induced
Corynebacterium, glutanicum
90
Which factor decreases digestion of proteins?
```
CP content of diet: min. 9-11%
NH3 content of rumen fluid: min. 3-5 mmol/l
Forage corn ratio
Level of df: feed intake
Treatment of feed
```
91
Potato is:
Bulky an concentrated
92
What is the effect of plant fibres to digestion?
Decreases the digestion
93
How much protein is in corn seed?
8-10%
94
Lowest in protein
Sugar beet, potato and straw
95
Weendel analysis
Proximate chemical analysis of feeds. Estimating the value of a material for feeding purposes without actually using the feed in feeding trial. Based on separate food compartments
96
Grinded wheat is good for
For decreasing concentration of alimentary energy in monogastric animals
97
Water vegetation means
H2O in feed
98
Feed intolerance
A rapid unpleasant reaction (diarrhoea) to certain ingredient.
No real answer
99
With induced amino acid metabolism
Increases essential amino acid production
100
Low DM but bulky
Milk: bulky and concentrated
101
Tables that contain not only total P of the feed, but also the amount of
Available P
102
For determination of nutrient digestibility by a total collection method
Regulation of the whole 24h long feed
| Intake and collection of the faeces are required
103
Extracted oil seed meals crude protein count approximately
35-50% (soybean 45%)
104
Crude protein content is between 20-30% on DM basis
Pea
105
They ate this food on their production market in exchange of benefit to health
Nutraceuticals (garlic, oregano)
106
Which belong to NSP (non-starch polysaccharides)
Pea, cabbage, beans - fermented in cecum and produce gas
107
To the excess heating of feed which amino acid is most sensitive
Lysine
108
They can be used as additives in silage
Molasses, bacteria, cereal, plant stem, sugar beet pools, acids.
109
Feeding standard is set by
NRC, national research council (ARC: agriculture research council)
110
Characteristic of bulky food
Increased volume, decreased DM and increased water content
111
In the feed contains a low amount of by-pass protein
The most of the proteins is degraded in rumen
112
Which on has an anti nutritive factor?
Legumes
113
Green chops characteristics is
More digestible
114
Ca and P in roughage
Higher Ca than P
115
Full fat soya heat treatment us done by
Soya extraction, to get out trypsin
116
Extracted soya bean meal is reached by
Toasting
117
Alfa-toxin 2, causes
Liver damage (T2 toxin - decreases immune system)
118
Used to decrease energy density of diets
Wheat bran
119
DM in fresh pasture grass
25% (20-30%)
120
Anti nutrition factor of raw soybean
Trypsin, inhibitor - must be toasted
121
Limited amino acid of extracted soybean meal
Methionine
122
Decreases the feed digestion in carnivores
Wheat bran
123
DM min --> Max
Min: silage
Max: Haylage
124
Crude fibre in alfalfa haylage
20%
125
When do we need to test digestibility of feedstuff with more animals
When the food cannot be fed to the animal because it is not physiological for it
126
Following in increasing order
Alfalfa hay --> soy bean --> extract soya --> fishmeal
127
Anti-nutritive in
```
Horse bean: Tannin
Alfalfa: Saponin
Soybean: Trypsin inhibitors, lipoxygenase
Barley: Beta-glucagon
Rapeseed: Tannins
```
128
The use of beta-glucanase supplementation can be advantageous in
Barley based poultry diets
129
Good quality corn silage has this acid in highest proportion
Lactic acid
130
Water content of an air-dried feed is approximately
12-16%
131
In case of bulky feeds
Low DM content is involved in the whole volume
132
This plants crude fibre content is usually higher than 20% in a DM basis
Meadow hay and alfalfa hay
133
This feeds limiting amino acid is lysine
Cereal grain
134
Alfalfa is not given to
Dry cows
135
DM content of high quality silage is approximately
30-35%
136
Optimum moisture content of forages at the time of boiling is
14-16%
137
Crop field moulds require
Higher water activity, then storage moulds
138
Their digestible energy content is about 12-15 MJ/kg
Cereal grains
139
It is on of the anti nutritive factors in rapeseed
Glucosinolates
140
Crude protein content of wheat bran is about
15-16%
141
This is a bulky feed
Corn silage
142
During autoxidation, these compounds are produces first
Hydro peroxides
143
Its calcium content is lower than 1 g/kg DM
Barley grain
144
The crude protein of a legume seed is
20-40%
145
The approximate proportion of protein sources in the diets of swine or poultry should be
30-40%
146
This can be used as a silage additive
Propionic acid
147
This provides a high amount of by-pass proteins
Corn gluten meal
148
The approximate CF content of grasses is
20-25%
149
Crude protein content of green alfalfa in a DM basis
20-30%
150
BST
Increases milk yield
151
Content of fat in cat feed
13-14%
152
What is the result of vitamin C deficiency in fish?
Scoliosis, Lordosis (both spinal deformities)
153
Which vitamin cooperates with CoA?
Pantothenic acid
154
Which vitamin is needed for Acetyl CoA synthesis?
Vitamin B1 - PPP
155
What is curled toe disease caused by?
Deficiency of vitamin B2; in chicks
156
In which animal can you change the state of ova when nutritional state changes?
Sheep with vitamin E deficiecy
157
Turkey perosis due to which protein deficiency?
Biotin, niacin, choline, folic acid, Mn
158
Fe limitation
Overdose --> poisoning, damage the immune system
159
Anti B12
Raw soybean
160
Deficiency if this vitamin gives alimentary sterility
P and Mn
Lectins
Difficulties in Ca absorption
161
Need for midation
Vitamin A (no B-carotene)
162
For the perosis it is not true
Its main cause is biotin deficiency
163
For the check of vitamin A supply
RDR (receptor dose response)
164
Biotin deficiency can cause shaker syndrome in
Sow
| Turkey: persosis, Bear: skin, Mink: skin
165
Extra doses of this vitamin prevents osteoporosis
Vitamin K
166
High amount of vitamin C presents
Bad effect of alfalfa and toxin in chicken
167
Which of the vitamin where both overdose and deficiency cause malformation in foetus or abortion?
Vitamin A
168
Increase concentration of these vitamins are inner ... in sow
Biotin and folic acid
169
For the transformation of carotene to vitamin A in cow, this is necessary
P and Zn
170
Vitamin E and Se deficiency transformation of Coxa virus B3 to a pathogen, causes
Cardiomyopathy
171
Keshan disease is a Se deficiency and causes
Cardiomyopathy
172
Germ free animals can have different vitamin requirements and need
Extra vitamin K
173
What can vitamin A hypervitaminosis cause?
Abortion and malformation
174
Vitamin E deficiency and Se can lead to
Zenkers myodegradation
175
Vitamin D hypervitaminosis (x100) can cause
Calcification of aorta and kidney, abortion and stillborn
176
In pigs the effect of deficiency of this hormone causes para-keratinosis
Zn (increase of Ca and secondary Zn deficiency)
177
Vitamin only found in animal tissue
B12
178
Indicator in faeces given orally
Mn
179
By giving 4-8x more vitamin B than normal requirement, the mean growth can be improved in
Fattening pigs
180
One of its deficiency syndromes is opistothonus in lambs
Vitamin B1 (thiamine)
181
Its deficiency syndrome can be fatal
Mg (grazing cows)
182
The vitamin A INQ value of liver in man, is an average of 100%, this means that
Relative to requirements the liver produces 100 times more vitamin A than energy for humans
183
One of its deficiency symptoms is distortion of breastbone in poultry
Vitamin D
184
Encephalomalacia is caused by
Vitamin E deficiency
185
What causes papilloedema
Deficiency of vitamin A in calves
186
Which mineral is limiting for rumen protein synthesis?
S
187
Thickened joint is caused by this vitamin/mineral
Mn, enlarged hock joints
188
Its low level can limit milk production in dairy cows
Na (also decreases taste sensation in sheep)
189
Fivefold overdose cause FMD like symptoms in claws
Se
190
1,25 dihydrochloride cal
Active vitamin D
| Calcitriol
191
Which vitamin shortens the tibia in guinea pigs?
Vitamin C
192
By only eating vegetables you will need
B12 of animal origin
193
Overdose of this substance, decreases the absorption of Zn and Mn
Ca
194
Bullterrier, prevent dermatitis
Zn (Bedlington terrier - Cu)
195
Omega 3 fatty acid
Linolenic acid
196
Omega 6 fatty acid
Linoleic acid and arachidonic acid
197
Omega 9 fatty acid
Oleic acid
198
Goos stepping in pigs is caused by
Pantothenic acid deficiency, B5
Anticancer vitamin
Carotene (vitamin E)
199
Mega dose of vitamin C can decreased toxicity of alpha-toxin B1, in which animal
Poultry
200
Optimal N:S ratio in dairy cow is
10:1 (sheep 7:1, beef cattle 15:2)
201
This vitamin causes scaly dermatitis in pig
B6 exudative, generalised (Niacin B3 - dry, de-generalised)
202
Inheritable copper retention trouble is more frequent at
Bedlington terrier
203
Which vitamin helps to prevent osteomalacia in humans?
Vitamin D
204
Mineral having similar skin and mucous membrane effect as the vitamin A
Zn
205
Forage generally has
Higher Ca than P content
206
Cannibalism in poultry may be caused by deficiency of
Na
207
Iron level in milk is low, because
To prevent mastitis
208
It improves the effect of vitamin D
Vitamin C
209
Riboflavin deficiency also causes conjunctivitis with cornea vascularisation and muscular weakness: it occurs really in dogs and farm animals. In birds it causes fall in energy production, poor growth and:
Curled toe paralysis
210
One of the deficiency syndromes in sheep may be
Vitamin K, Fe, Cu, Co
211
Its deficiency is jaw tetany
Mg
212
Metabolism and its regulation of Na and Fe
Natural detergent fibre
On level of absorption: Fe
On level of occurrence: Na, F, I
Bipolar regulation: Zn, Cu, Mn
213
Deficiency of this vitamin gives alimentary sterility
P and Mn
214
For the perosis it is not true
its main cause is biotin deficiency
215
Biotin deficiency cause shaker syndrome in
Sow
216
High amount of vitamin C presents
Bad effect of alfalfa and toxin in chicken
217
What are GTF and what mineral is related to it?
Glucose tolerance factor, Cr (Ni)
218
Vitamin A in human is 100, which will cause
Liver will produce less energy than vitamin A
| Related to requirements, liver produces 100x more vitamin A than energy
219
Its low level can limit milk production in dairy cow
Na
220
Good control in milk
Iodine
221
Concentration of which element is unipolar through absorption?
Fe, Na
| Bipolar - Zn, Cu, Se
222
Vitamin A relative
Zn and P are needed for carotene to vitamin A transformation
223
What is an important element for females?
P and Mn
| Se deficiency causes general fertility problems
224
What can cause secondary Cu deficiency?
Mg, Se
| Increases loss of Cu via faeces
225
What is the vitamin K anti-vitamin?
Dicumarol and Warfarin (rat poison)
226
What improves the immune state of a cow, right after parturition?
Chromium
227
Instead of carbon, this ground substance can be built into organic matters, and in humans it decreases the danger for arteriosclerosis
Br and S
228
Deficiency of these substances causes alimentary insufficiency
Mn and P
229
Deficiency of the substance gives dermatitis all over the body
B2 (riboflavin) deficiency - dry and generalised dermatitis
230
Which deficiency can result in night blindness?
Vitamin A and Zn
231
What does vitamin C deficiency cause in Guinea pig?
Prone position, taking weight off atrophied muscles
232
What kind of efficiency results in poor feather developments and dermatitis in fowl?
Pantothenic acid
233
Biotin deficiency in foxes is caused by
Feeding with rancid feed or feeding avidin
234
What is a typical cause of parturition paresis (milk fever)?
A decrease of Ca2+ in the blood, and relatively low Ca:P ratio
235
What kind of deficiencies cause anaemia?
Vitamin K, B12, B9, minerals, Cu, Fe
236
What type of deficiency is common in newborn piglets?
Fe deficiency
237
What effect does increased or decreased Fe have on the immune system?
Decreases immune competence --> more sensitive to pathogens
238
It can cause abortion
PRRS --> Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome
239
A deficiency in these substances can cause perosis
Mn, Biotin, Folic acid, Niacin, Choline
240
What are Zn and Methionine?
Chelates
241
What are the fat burners?
Chromium and L-carnitine
242
What ground substance is measured in the milk
Iodine
243
What is an example of a biogenic amine?
Histamine, Tyramine, Tryptamina, Acethylcholine, Serotonine, Catecholamines, Nor-epinephrine, Epinephrine, Dopamine
244
Which of these compounds does not inhibit the retention of fat? i.e allows fat accumulation?
D-carnithine
245
What deficiency causes grass tetany?
Mg
246
What is not true about perosis?
It is a tendon development problem.
247
Which of these tests are best for checking vitamin A?
RDR (Relative Dose Response)
248
In which animal does the biotin deficiency cause the Sneeker syndrome?
Sow
249
High amount of vitamin C prevents what in chicken?
The negative effect from alfa-toxin
250
Which vitamin when in both excess and deficient amount causes malformation in foetus and abortion
Vitamin A
251
Is it true that vitamin E and Se deficiency transformation the Coxa virus B3 into a pathogen?
Yes
252
Vitamin E deficiency can lead to
Poultry - myodegeneration in skeletal and myocardial muscles (Zenker). Also muscle atrophy of gizzard, yellow fat disease and encephalomalacia
253
What could be the cause of opistothonus?
Vitamin B1 deficiency
254
What is the cause of papilloedema?
Vitamin A overdose --> cause increased intracranial pressure
255
What can cause oedema of the eyelids?
Vitamin B6 deficiency
256
Which amino acid is limiting for ruminal protein synthesis?
Met and Cys
257
Name some anti vitamin A nutrients
Lipoxygenase
258
An important ground substance for male
Zn --> influences sperm quality
259
What are the possible causes for Achilles Tendon rupture?
Ca2+ deficiency causes a broken common calcanea tendon in Beef Bulls.
260
Ca:P ratio in different species
Monogastric animals 1,3:1
| Ruminants 1,5:1
261
What kind of lysine isomer can be utilised?
The one with the free epsilon amino group
262
PSE muscle by VESD in living animals is present in
Pigs - vitamin E and Se deficiency
263
What is the Keshan disease found in China?
Cardiomyopathy caused by a mutation in Coxa virus, activated by Se and vitamin E deficiency
264
Name a niacin anti-vitamin
Acetyl pyridine and Indol acetate
265
Name the anti vitamin D
Raw soybean
266
Name the anti vitamin E
Gossypol
267
Name the Biotin anti vitamin
Avidin
268
By a mega dose of vitamin C, the harmful effect of alfa-toxin B1 can be reduced in:
Poultry
269
Atypical form of milk fever can occur when:
The relative blood Ca is low, related to the level of Mg and P
270
The supply of dairy cows can be well evaluated according to its concentration in the milk
Iodine
271
One of its deficiency syndromes is skipping of the achilles tendon in beef bull
Ca
272
On of its deficiency syndromes in sheep may be anaemia
Vitamin K, Fe, Cu, Co
273
Its deficiency syndrome is grass tetany
Neither of them - is the answer
| Mg is correct
274
Homeostatis of Ca i regulated only on the level of excretion in
Rabbit
275
In case of fall of hair caused bu Biotin deficiency in cats, one has not to differentiate it from
Taurine deficiency
276
The inheritable imperfect Zinc absorption is more frequent in
Husky, Malamute and German Sheperd
277
In case of secondary renal hyperparathyroidism, the following clinical signs will not occur
Opitshotonus
278
The cats capacity to transform carotene into vitamin A is
0 %
279
Lack of this compound in cats diet may cause dilated cardiomyopathy and central renal degeneration
Taurine
280
On of its deficiency syndromes in birds is the cervical paralysis (Stretched neck)
Folic acid
281
Micro mineral having similar skin and mucous membrane effect as the vitamin A
Zn
282
Is has effects typically on the females ovaries
Mn
283
The first limiting amino acid for milk production
Met
284
In case of its deficiency, the luminal protein synthesis can decrease
Se
285
If the ratio of dairy cows is deficient in both Ca and P
First you eliminate the Ca deficiency and after that the P deficiency by supplements
286
They have higher copper content in their milk
Omnivores
287
Metallithioneins are
Proteins characterised affinity to metals
288
Cannibalism may be cause by deficiency of
Sodium
289
Iron level in milk is low, because
To prevent MMA (mastitis, metritis and agalactiae)
290
The idiopathic hyper-calcaemia is not uncommon in
Cats
291
Total absence of Zn absorption may cause death, because of
Lack of super oxidase dismutase (SOD) activity
292
The hair analysis is a good indicator of
Zn, Mn, Cu, Se
293
They are very important in the immune response and cancer prevention
Zn, Se
294
Clinical signs of its toxicosis may be similar to the swine MFD
Se
295
The calcitriol is a(n)
Both (Hormone & active vitamin)
296
Its overdose may cause toxicosis
Axerophtol, Cholecalciferol
297
Pirrolo-QuinoloQuinon (PQQ), the recent discovered vitamin can be found in
Papaya
| Also green tea, parsley, green peppers, kiwi, and tofu
298
It has no gulonolactone-oxidase enzyme
Bat, Shrimp
299
Taurine is a vitamin like substance only for
Cats
300
Its deficiency in egg may cause typical embryonic mortality in the chicken
Both (B2 and B12)
301
Some dog breeds accumulate
Cu
302
It may increase the sows litters size
Both (pantothenic and folic acid)
303
Cholecalciferol and Ergocalciferol are other names for
Vitamin D
304
What is Ghrelin?
Hormone found in stomach. Increases appetite.
305
Tryptophan to serotonin
Vitamin B6
306
Keratinisation of mouth
Vitamin A
307
Deficiency of vitamin causes problems in heart/skeletal muscle in calf/lamb
Vitamin E
308
Von Soest method
Cellulose = ADF - ADL
309
On of its toxicity syndromes is exostosis on cervical vertebrae in cats
Vitamin A
310
One of its deficiency syndromes is the distributed conception of heifers and cows
Niacin
311
One of the deficiency syndromes of pantothenic acid
Poultry "cage layer fatigue"
312
One of the deficiency syndromes is coma in calves fed and inappropriate milk replaces
Mg
313
It displays the main action in the protein and amino acid metabolism
Vitamin B6
314
It can decrease the incident of tumour cells
Vitamin B12
315
Status of supply can be evaluated based on Glutathione reductase in RBCs
Niacin
316
On of its deficiency syndromes is the ascending dermatitis in poultry
Pantothenic acid
317
Optimal N:S ratio
Dairy cattle 10:1
Beef cattle 15:1
Sheep 7:1
318
Iodine
Ground substance measured in milk
319
Na
Measured in saliva, faeces and urine
320
Fe
Unipolar at the level of absorption
321
Na
Unipolar at the level of excretion
322
Sex ratio is influences by
Mn
323
The required N:S proportion in daily ration of dairy cow is
10:1
324
This statement is valid for the sulphur containing amino acids
Cysteine is synthesised from methionine
325
If too much calcium is given during dry period for dairy cows
P should only be given according to the requirement
326
Iron level is low in sow milk
To prevent masitis
327
A symptom of its deficiency is coma in calves fed on an inappropriate milk replacer
Mg
328
When too much is fed to cats, secondary alimentary hyperparathyroidism can be developed due to the relative overfeeding of
P
329
Its concentration in hair reflects the status of its supply
Mn, Cu, Zn
330
This contributes to mucopolysaccharide synthesis
S, Mn, Si
331
The concentration of these minerals in the body is regulation in a bipolar manner
Se, Cu
332
A Zn deficiency can lead to a deficiency in
Vitamin A
333
This is a constituent factor of glucose tolerance factor (GTF)
Cr
334
In horses and ruminants, the daily Ca and P requirements are expressed
As an absolute number (g)
335
Many hormones are dependent on
Zn
336
It may affect fertility in cats
Mn
337
They are especially sensitive for overfeeding of Cu
Sheep
338
Its low dietary level can limit milk production in dairy cows
Both Na and Met
339
Which element is excreted in milk
Iodine
340
CuSO4 is used as
Growth improvement in pig
341
Some minerals can be check by Z points
Na, saliva, urine
342
Control of Fe
Blood
343
Control of Zn
Tissue, examination of hair
344
What will happen if you give a lot of by-pass protein to the dairy cow?
Time between parturition and new AI will increase
345
What is the major energy source for protozoa?
Starch and sugar
346
In what species does nutrition have a role in ovulation?
Sheep.
347
Which factors decrease digestibility of proteins?
Crude protein content of diet should be min. 9-11%
| NH3 concentration in ruminal fluid min. 3-5 mmol/l
348
What is the average discount factor?
0.04 = 4%
349
Unipolar absorption
Iron, sodium
350
Streptococcus bovis
Lactic acid
351
The majority of protozoa are not able to digest cellulose
They mainly digest starch and sugar
352
NDF - ADF =
Hemicellulose
353
What is 'k' ?
NE/ME * 100
354
What is 'q' ?
ME/GE * 100
355
How is the DM intake approaching formula calculate in the case of diary cows?
Metabolic body weight + fat corrected milk production
356
How is the DM intake approaching formula calculated in the case of chicken?
Metabolic temperature + egg production
357
How is the DM intake approaching formula calculated in the case of beef cattle?
Metabolic body weight + Net energy
358
Measurement of body composition via density measurement is done by
Archimedes principle: The apparent weight loss of a body immersed in a fluid equals to the weight of the dispersed fluid
359
What are indicator bacteria?
Saprophytes
360
In Wendee analysis, what is the part that does not contain Nitrogen?
NFE (Nitrogen Free Extract)
361
What is the effect of induces mutation?
There is an increased essential amino acid production
362
How would the requirements be saturated during the first lactation days of dairy cattle?
Increased by 20%
363
Energy density = ?
Cow: NE/UE = Energy density
Chicken: ME/UE = Energy density
364
What is a silo?
A building for the storage of silage, a place for herbal fermentation. Can he horizontal or upright tower, or a plastic bag.
365
What does Silo Discount Factor mean?
A number that when multiplied by 100, shows the decrement of the nutrients' digestibility when the feeding level is enhanced by 1 unit
366
Should one calculate DE with the excretion content in the urine?
No. Calculate DE with the excretion content in the faeces only
367
Why are the growth promoters such as CuSO4 not always successful?
Due to genetic environment interaction
368
How can the bacteria in the rumen be influenced?
Via temperature, pH and antibiotics
369
In which species does nutrition have a role in ovulation
Sheep
370
What is PER (Protein Efficacy Ratio)?
Weight gain per weight of protein eaten
371
Buffer capacity?
Amino acids have a buffer capacity due to their amphoteric nature
372
What does protein overdose damage?
Change of uterus fluid (pH, composition)
| Causes a possible delay of conception in cattle
373
RQ?
```
Respiratory quotient. Used in calculations of the basal metabolic rate.
For carbohydrates it is 1.
For fats 0.7
For protein 0.8-0.9
CO2 eliminated/ CO2 consumed
```
374
In Hungary, protein requirement is given in DCP (digestible crude protein) for which animals?
Horse, pig, rabbit
375
What is the rumen buffer?
Mostly NaHCO3, also MgO
376
What does eubiosis mean?
Gut flora is in equilibrium - main flora is >90% of total flora
377
What do you have to use when calculating DE?
Feed intake, gross energy of feed intake, faecal output, gross energy of faecal output
378
What bad effects do GIT parasites cause?
Less nutrient available for the host
379
What is INQ?
Index of Nutritional Quality - Nutrient allowance/Energy allowance related to the requirements
380
What is the term for by-pass proteins used in calculations?
UDP (un-digested proteins)
381
How much an animal will eat is regulated by
Short term control and Long term control (CNS, hypothalamus)
382
In dairy cows, maintenance energy is expressed in
NEl
383
Heat treatment - ammonia = ?
Ammonia is liberated, along with H2S, from the decomposition of Cys and Ser
384
Time of the first fertile ovulation is mainly determined by
Growth and body composition
385
What is the Kellner system?
Starch Equivalent Unit, Net system for body fat production, Fat producing power of pure nutrients relative to the fat producing power of starch
386
Computerised feed calculations also give
Which feedstuff should be combined
387
What information should be given in case of computerised feed calculations?
Name of feedstuff, combination, requirement, minimum and maximum values
388
What are depository (storage) fungi?
Storage fungi - Aspergillus, Penicillum, Mucor, Fusarium
389
What does Energy density mean?
The amount of net energy in a feedstuff related to its food unit
390
Expression of energy requirements of beef cattle
NEm and NEg
391
What is an adipocyte?
Cell making up primarily adipose tissue and is specialised in storing energy as fat. Also an endocrine cell
392
What is BV?
Biological value - Measure of amount of true protein absorbed from the intestinal tract, and how well the digestive system converts it to amino acids. Proportion of absorbed nitrogen that is retained for maintenance of growth.
Related N / Absorbed N
393
What is caused by reactions of proteins?
NH3
394
Liberation of NH3 during processes of feed shows that there are
Reactions between protein molecules
395
What is IgY?
An antibody in egg yolk with an activity similar to IgA. Protects the mucous membrane in newborns.
396
Which tissue is responsible for the long-term regulation of body composition?
Adipose tissue
397
Formula for corrected DE?
DE * (1 - 2DF)
398
ME = ?
DE - gaseous and urinary loss
399
What is the most important factor for microorganism production in the rumen?
Moisture
400
What is the pH of the rumen?
6.2-6.8
401
For nutrition in ruminants we divide the energy into 3 groups. What are they?
NEm, NEl, NEg
402
In Hungary, protein requirements is given in CP for which animals?
CP: birds
| CP or DCP: Dogs, cats
403
How is MP value calculated?
MP = MPE + MPN
404
When do we need zero N retention?
Adult bird - N intake = N output --> 0 N retention
405
Is N positive or negative in young animals?
Positive
| Young/growing bird - N intake > N output --> + N balance
406
What are probiotics made of?
Bacteria, fungi
407
Which 2 functions does adipose tissue have?
Storage and endocrine
408
What are the bacteria in the rumen protected by?
Competitive exclusion
409
What are repartitioning compounds?
Beta 2 agonists - increase proteins, decrease fat
410
What mechanisms are responsible for short term regulation of body composition?
It is homeostatic. Is controlled by chemical factors such as blood glucose, feed, temperature and physical factors such as stomach capacity and food bulkiness.
411
What is NSP
Non-starch polysaccharides (i.e. peas, beans, roughage=
412
What is UDP?
Un-digested protein (by-pass proteins)
413
How would you determine Nutrient Digestibility by a total collection method?
Amount of feed intake during a 24h period + collection of faeces
414
Name an indicator in faeces
Mn, Cr2O3, Fe2O3, SiO2, Lignin
415
Organic matter = ?
DM - Ash
416
What is the combustion energy of uric acid?
34.4 KJ/g
417
Why is it forbidden to use STH as a growth factor?
Long term fat mobilisation
418
What is the buffer capacity in milk, eggshell and bone?
Eggshell and bone have the same buffer capacity. Milk has none.
419
What is metabiosis?
A relationship between 2 species where one is dependent upon the other for survival
420
What is disbiosis?
A condition where the typical distribution of microbes in the body is disturbed
421
What is the substitution number?
The decrement of forage DM intake (kg) when 1kg Dm of concentrate is offered
422
How can bacterial prevention be done?
Drastic barrier - complete exclusion of exogenous microbes
| Permissive barrier - limiting possibilities of bacteria to multiply
423
How can energy metabolism be measured?
Direct calorimeter
| Indirect calorimeter
424
What is the acid number?
The mass of KOH required to neutralise 1g of chemical substance. It is a measure of rancidity of fat
425
What is the peroxide value?
Of an oil or fat. Measure of fat rancidity
426
What is the water content of muscles?
70-80%
427
With which method do you measure body composition and water compartments?
Dilution method
428
What is UFP?
Urea Fermentable Potential
429
How can you measure CF?
Boil sample in H2SO4, neutralise with distilled water, boil again in NaOH, filter, wash, dry and measure CF
430
Which of the following statements regarding ageing is true?
Ageing is associated with increased susceptibility and decreased capacity to resist or repair injury
431
A body condition score of 5 of 5 BCS indicates
Obesity
432
The protein requirements of old dogs
Must be individualised
433
They are storage fungi
Aspergillus genus
434
BCS is
An estimation of the fat cover of the body and an indicator of body energy reserves of the lack of them
435
The energy density expresses how many
Net energy is in the feedstuff related to 1 Fulfilment Unit (NE/UE)
436
Biological value index is
The proportion of absorbed nitrogen that is retained
437
NDS minus ADF equal to..
Hemicellulose
438
It is chemically determined according to its nitrogen content
Crude proteins
439
They belong to the group of netroceuticals
Organic acids
440
Ration of beef cattle can be supplemented by urea when
Both of them (UFP is positive and the rumen protein balance is negative)
441
Put in increasing order according to the energy level of cats, dogs and cows milk
Cow, cat, dog
442
The maintenance energy requirement of a dog could be calculated by using the
Metabolic body weight
443
The acidification of the cats urine helps to prevent the formation of
Struvite stones
444
Forced and quick weight reduction program in obese cats may cause
Hepatic hyper-lipidosis
445
A dog is considered to be geriatric when it reaches how many years of age?
None of the above (no single age applies to dogs)
446
For determination of Digestible Energy by experimental way, we calculate with the
Gross energy content of the feed and that of the faeces
447
The most important factor influencing the onset of the first fertile ovulation in dairy heifers
Energy
448
Mode of action of the intestinal bacterial defence mechanism
Competitive exclusion
449
UFP can be calculated as follows
dg, TDN
450
The most important regulator of the long term control of feed intake is the
Adipose tissue
451
What is the meaning of indicator bacteria?
Their presence allows us to suppose the contamination with pathogens
452
As age increased, canine lean body mass generally
Decreases
453
Chemical score means
Limiting acid in the feed protein per the same amino acid in the standard protein
454
The 'k' value means
NE/ME
455
The unit of measurement if TDN is
g/kg DM or %
456
Metabolisable protein means
The digestible microbial true protein + digestible UDP in the small intestines
457
The equation for predicting DM intake of dairy cow, we calculate with
Metabolic body weight and milk production
458
The meaning of 'Earth alkali alkalinity' if the following
In growing animals a surplus of acidic metabolites is produces, which should be buffered by feeds having alkaline character
459
The energy intake goal of geriatric pets is
Energy balance
460
Sum of adipocytes are
Both of them (Organs of fat deposit, Endocrine organs)
461
Is a gastric hormone controlling feed intake
Ghrelin
462
How can we express the total amount of different dioxins as
TEQ
463
The modern food pyramid comprises of ... too
Exercise
464
The central organ of the food safety in Europe is the
EFSA (European Food Safety Authority)
465
It cannot provoke a keno-acidosis state
Lacta-acidaemia
466
Oxidation of this compound acidifies
Met
467
In order to acidify the cats urine, one can use
Met tablets
468
Acidifying diet may not be good
Peritonitis
469
'Kinky back' of turkey is
Genetic failure
470
One of these abbreviations is not a scientific organs
NEL
471
Its manifestation is both genetically and environmentally determined
Cancer
472
It may help in differentiating avian nephritis and vitamin A deficiency in chicken
Lameness or inclusion body
473
Maillard reaction
Protein-carbohydrate
| Calculatin 'q': (ME/GE) * 100
474
DF on the first level
Maintenance energy level dry com (?)
475
Oxidative rancidity expressed by
Peroxide value
476
Supplement of dairy cows if protein deficient
UDP
477
CAB in great dane must be
Positive
478
Acidifiers are
Gut flora modifiers
479
Ash represents
Inorganic matter
480
AMEn is for
Broiler chicken
481
Which is the right one?
1MJ/kg = 1KJ/g
482
In females, T-2 mycotoxin reduces the concentration of
Progesterone
483
Supplementation of vitamin B6 contraindicated in
Parkinsons disease
484
In rumen, ruminococcus albus splits
Cellulose
485
Definition of acid number
mg KOH/g feed
486
Reson of obesity of rats having ob/ob is
insufficient leptin production
487
Its protein requirement is expressed in crude protein
Turkey (laying duck)
488
According to protein evaluation system valid for ruminants
Each feed has 2 metabolisable protein values
489
Knowing the digestibility co-efficient, it can be calculated the
Amount of digestible nutrient
490
Plays an important role in the short term control of feed intake in ruminants
Both (blood glucose level and blood VFA level)
491
Calculation of biological value
Retained N / N intake
492
Control of supply of beta carotene, blood serum level is a good indicator in
Cattle, sheep, goat
493
It is valid for the acid bace balance of the animal organism, the more intensive a metabolism is
The more acidic components will be produced
494
One of the roles of the omega 6 fatty acids in the immunity is
protection of cell membranes
495
In case of eubiosis, the proportion of the main flora is
90-99%
496
The VE value of wheat straw is 2.3, which means that
1kg Dm from wheat straw fed with 1kg concentrate together fills the animals x23 more than 1kg DM from standard grass
497
Its energy requirement for maintenance is expressed in the form of NEm
Sheep
498
Pre-biotics are
Non-digestible microbial proteins
499
Ionophor antibiotics used in ruminants can decreased production of
Lactic acid
500
They are important constituents of the main flora in the gut
Coliforms
501
In the metabolisable protein system, the energy supply of the rumen microbes depends on the
Fermented organic matter
502
Principle of DEXA method
A whole body scanner is used, that has 2 different X-ray scales.
503
The meaning of FCM (Fat corrected milk)
The real milk produced (kg) is converted into a theoretical milk having 4% of fat
504
Meaning of TDN?
Total digestible nutrients
505
How is the DM intake approaching formula calculated in the case of dairy cows?
Metabolic BW + fat corrected milk production
506
How is the DM intake approaching formula calculated in the case of beef cattle?
Metabolic BW + Net energy
507
What is the effect of induces mutation
There is an increase in essential amino acid production
508
What do you use when yo calculate DE?
GE of feed and faeces
509
How much an animal will eat is regulated by
Short term regulation
510
Kellner system
NE value for body fat, starch-equivalent system
511
Which barrier is built up by the epithelial cells in the immune system of the GI tract?
Anatomical
512
Its main biological function is contribution on active CO2 transport in FA synthesis and GNG
Biotin
513
Approximate DM intake of farm animals as % of BW
1.5-5.0%
514
Meaning of substitution number
Decrement of forage DM intake (kg) when 1 kg DM of concentrate is fed
515
Meaning of discount factor
Decrement of nutrients digestibility when the feeding level is enhanced by 1 Unit
516
Chemical score
AA index of CP
517
What is Swann report?
Its for Su
518
How should growth promoter act?
It increases bodyweight gain and feed intake and decreases body fat content
519
Van Soest method cellulose
ADF - ADL
520
Organic matter
Calculated
521
Inositol is necessary in
Lipophilic factor
522
How do you calculate 'q'
(ME/GE) * 100
523
Digestible energy by indicator method
Saprophytic bacteria. Add indicator to make and measure out in faeces
524
Patulin is found in
Mycotoxin produced by moulds.
| Aspergillus, penicillium, Byssochlamys
525
Equation for crude protein
True protein + NPN
526
Urea concentration in cattle
NH3 in ruminal fluid: 3-5 mmol/l
| Max urea in feed: 20-30g/100kg BW
527
What is P:E
How many grams of dietary proteins are related to 1 MJ of energy
528
How de we express Ca and P in cattle
g/kg
529
Crude protein in wheat germ?
25-30
530
Which fungi need more humidity?
Field fungi and yeast fungi: 20-30% water, 0.95
531
Where is leptin produced?
Ovaries, hypothalamus, adipocytes, placenta
532
Lactidermia is caused by
Streptococcus bovis
533
Cellulose
ADF - ADL
534
Hemicellulose
NDF - ADF
535
How to measure CF
H2SO4 + KOH and boil it
536
UFP
Urea fermentation potential
537
S:N ratio 1:5
Beef cattle
538
For expressing the protein regulating of a dairy cow we use
MP
539
One of the compounds does not inhibit refraction of fat
L-carnitine
540
The best anti-microbial nutraceutical
Oregano
541
Corrected DE is
DEx (1-2df)
542
What does field fungi need
Needs substrate with a lot of H2O
543
With what do you measure body composition and water compartment
Urea and alcohol (dilution method)
544
Why do we need zero N?
We need to count for adult or juvenile mm if the 2 would be the same
545
What is NDF
Natural detergent fibre
546
What has effect on ovulation
Energy and protein, like in the raw meat
547
What is the side product of butter making
Buttermilk
548
Protein overdose is damaging the
Fertility
549
What animals are affected by DCP in Hungary?
Swine, horse, rabbit
550
Bad effect of GI parasites is given
Less nutrients available for host
551
It can cause abortion
PRRS
552
It is calculated from the parameters determined by chemical analysis
Organic matter (DM and Ash)
553
Feeding standards
NCR (minimum requirements) (ARC, NRA, DLG = optimal requirements)
554
Oestrus id determined by
Energy (heifers)
555
Combustion energy of uric acid
34.4 KJ/g
556
Buffer capacity of milk
None
557
NPO can be calculated as follows
Retained N / intake N * 100
558
Long term control of body composition
Homeopathic control (genetic) - adipose tissue
559
A lot of proteins
Nidation decrease
560
Energy density express NE/UE cow and ME/UE chicken express
How much net energy is in feedstuff related to a food unit (NE/UE)
561
Belonging to group of netroceuticals
Organic acids, plant extracts
562
Protein overloading causes
Bad incubation of fertilised eggs
563
Atypical milk fever
Parturient paresis
564
Reaction between proteins produces
NH3
565
MP is calculated from
MPN + MPE
566
Examples of field fungi
Altemania and Fusarium spp.
567
How do you calculate ED (energy density)
NE/UE
568
Corn silage ME value
ME 0.82
569
When you calculate the DE you
Have to use GE of feed and faeces
570
What is adipose tissues purpose and function?
Storage of fats and endocrine function
571
Which one is a biogenic amine?
Histamine
572
Ammonia is caused by reaction between
Protein in rumen
573
Bacteria in ruman are protected by
Competitive
574
PER is
Protein efficiency ratio, weight gain by protein intake
575
BV of protein in feed comes from
Proportion of N that is incorporated into the body
576
Probiotics
Provide nutrients for beneficial gut flora
577
how to calculate INQ
% of nutrient allowance / % of energy allowance
578
Inophore antibody decrease in Ru, during formation of
Acetic acid
579
Ideal protein
Amino acid requirement of body tissue
580
What is the unit of TDN
Ru: g/kg DM
Monogastric: g/kg feed
581
PD is
Protein digestibility method
582
Indicator of bacteria
Presence suppose contamination with pathogenic bacteria
583
Zearaleon F2 causes
Oesophagus symptoms (or pseudo estrogen)
584
Carnitine in
Meat
585
Increase acid in feed in pig, dUA
Decreases daily weight gain
586
With what method can you measure O2 and CO2?
Indirect calorimetric method
587
This plays an important role in cartilage formation
Mn
588
On of its physiological functions is the defence of membranes
Se
589
The supply of this element if dairy cows can be well evaluated according to the concentration in the milk
Iodine
590
Peroxide number in feedstuff
< 20
591
Supplement for dairy cows if they have protein deficiency
RDP
592
Who degrade nutrient in rumen?
Microbes and host enzymes
593
GAB in great dane must be
Positive
594
Some dog breeds accumulate the following
Cu
595
Millard reaction
Protein - carbohydrate
596
Ash represents
Inorganic matter
597
Which one is correct
1MJ/kg = 1000 kj/g
598
PDI is caused by
Both (incomplete in soybean treatment and excessive heat treatment in soybean)
599
Milk fever is caused by
Both (Decreased Ca, Increased P)
600
The energy value is 5 MJ/kg in
Grass
601
Perosis is caused by
All (Biotin, Mn, Niacin)
602
Which amino acid is limiting milk production
Lysine
603
Which one has the best buffer capacity in rumen?
NaHCO3
604
The absorption of this element is unipolar regulated
Fe
605
Crude fibre increase 20% and DM basis
Both (meadow hay 32% and alfalfa hay 22%)
606
Crude protein is between 20-30% on DM basis
Pea (seed) - protein sources
607
Its protein requirement in the practice may be expressed in crude protein
Laying duck
608
They can be used as enzyme supplement in chicken
Glucose + phytase
609
Alfalfa is not given to
Dry cow
610
DM content of high quality corn silage (%)
30-33%
611
If the quality of corn silage is good, it contains this acid in highest amount
Lactic acid
612
Forages have generally
Increased Ca then P
613
Water content of air-dry feed is approximately
14-16%
614
Chemistry determined ace. to its nitrogen content
Crude protein
615
Its chemical analysis is based in b - first in acid then alkaline solution
Crude fibre
616
Bulky feeds are
Low in Dm content, is involved in the whole value
617
For express the E requirement of breeding sous, following term is used in
DE
618
It plays an important role in the short therm control of feed intake
Cholecystokinin
619
It may contain saponins as anti nutritive factor
Alfalfa
620
Metabolisable protein is used for the expression of the protein requirements
All of them (Dairy cow, beef cattle, sheep)
621
In the nature it occurs as phytonadinon and phytomenadion
Vitamin K
622
The growth hormone on dairy cows stimulate the
Lipolysis
623
The body condition score is above the optimum (obesity)
Both of them (Time of the first ovulation delays and feed intake decreases)
624
Feed conversion ratio means
Feed intake in kg per produced egg (piece)
625
Optimum moisture content of the forage at the time of baling
14-16%
626
"Cropfield" mould require
Higher water activity than storage moulds
627
In the rumen the ruminococcus albus splits
Cellulose
628
In the horse the daily Ca and P requirements are expressed
In an absolute number (g)
629
It is a principle of the energy evaluation system
Energy requirements of the animal and energy content of their feeds must be expressed with the same unit
630
For determination if the nutrients digestibility by total collection method
Registration of the feed intake and the collection of the faeces is required
631
According to the proximate analysis of feed instead of "fibre" the name "crude fibre" is used. The reason of that is
That the crude fibre means hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin
632
Their DE content is about 12-15 MJ/kg
Cereal grain
633
What is leptin
Hormone
634
It is one of the anti nutritive factors in rapeseed
Glucosinolates
635
Its determination os based on the changes in BW
PER (protein efficiency ratio)
636
Many hormones (e.g. testosterone, prolactin) are dependent on
Zn
637
The following materials are considered neutroceuticlas
Both of them (fish oil and conjugated linoleum acid)
638
It is a bulky feed
Corn silage
639
During autooxidation these compound are produced first
Aldehydes
640
The lactacidaemia may be caused by
Streptococcus bovis
641
One of the main physiological roles is the protection of mucous membranes
All of them (Vitamin A, vitamin U, niacin)
642
The value of ME is used for the expression of energy requirements of
All of them (pullets, turkeys, hens)
643
Its Ca content lower than 1g/kg DM
Barley grain
644
The NFE content if the feed is determined
By calculation
645
Crude protein connate of legume seed is of
20-40%
646
The fill unit value of a forage is dependent of the
Fibre content
647
As an antinutritive factor it can bind calcium
Oxalates
648
The meaning of UDP
Undegraded Dietary Protein in the rumen
649
It is a constituent of vitamin B12
Co
650
Acidifiers are used as growth promoters in the following animals
Piglets
651
Abortion is caused by
F-2 mycotoxins (?)
652
It can be used as a silage additive
Propionic acid
653
It contributes to the mucopolysaccharide synthesis
Pantothenic acid
654
When it is fed to dairy cows, CP and CF supplementation are required
Sugar beet pulp
655
The statement is not valid for mycotoxins
Heat resistant
656
Zn deficiency can lead to deficiency of
Vitamin A
657
TDN is required to calculate
Both ( DE and UFP)
658
It can be fed at libitum to animals because its intake is regulates well according to the requirements
NaCl
659
Supplementation urea can be added if
UFP is positive or protein balance is negative
660
In dairy cows is can reduce the incidence of mastitis
Vitamin E
661
Dietary supplements are as follows
Protected amino acids
662
It may affect the fertility in cats
Mn
663
Its main function is to carry the long chain fatty acids into the mitochondria
Neither of them
664
It includes the cellulose
Both (NDF and ADF)
665
The possible immune effect of amino acids can be explained, among other things as follows
Some of them are virus growth inhibitors
666
Crude protein of a feedstuff is
Higher than its true protein content
667
The following statement is valid for protozoa
Forages increase their amount in the rumen
668
Ganistein and Daizein are
Photo-oestrogens
669
One of its deficiency syndromes is ascites
Vitamin B6
670
The low dietary level can limit the milk production of dairy cows
Both (Na and Met)
671
The energy requirements of horses are expressed in Hungary by
DE and DCP
672
In the concept of cation anion balance it is the most critical element
K
673
It is a constituent part of glucose tolerance factor
Cr
674
The Millard reaction may occur in
Both (Milk replacer and hays)
675
One of its toxicity syndromes is exocytosis and cervical vertebrae in cats
Vitamin A
676
The clinical signs of thiamine deficiency are similar to that of
Both (Mg deficiency and Cu deficiency)
677
What deficiency cause abortion
Neither of them (it is F2-toxin and Phytoestrogens)
678
They contain more Ca than P
Green roughage
679
This is valid for S - containing amino acids
Cys can be synthesised from Met
680
Abortion is caused by
Both (F2 toxins and phytoestrogens)
681
One of its deficiency symptoms cause infertility in cows
B-carotene
682
Feedstuff TS content as air dried substance is about
80-90%
683
The characteristic of production of air silage is
Aerobic fermentation
684
The antinutritive factor in soybean meal
Trysin inhibitor
685
The absorption of this element is unipolarly regulated
Fe
686
It is a constituens of B12
Co
687
With males it increase the sperm abnormalities and reduce the level of testosterone
T-2 mycotoxins
688
Their concentration in the animal body is regulated in the bipolar way
Se and Cu
689
Dark pigmentation in fish body is one of the deficiency syndromes of
B2
690
In lactating and pregnant rabbits does (at the same time) its dietary supplement is necessary
Vitamin K
691
FOM?
Fermented organic matter
692
What is the feeding level?
FL = daily E intake / daily E requirement for maintenance
693
What is inosite
Important in semisynthetic diets. In lab rodents, lack of showed retarded growth , intestinal lipodystrophy in females
694
Flushing pig?
Biotin
695
CP in peas?
20-25%
696
Hydrolytic decomposition
Glycerin, FAs, divided by fungi, lipase, acid, metal ions, heat and light
697
Oxidative decomposition
Production of free radicals - peroxides
698
It is a constituent of vitamin B12
Co-cobalt, needed for synthesis of B12; in Ru and Eq - by microbes
699
It may contain anti vitamin E as anti nutritive factors
Cottonseed meal
700
Energy status of dairy cows can be improved by feeding
Choline and B(?) + glycerin
701
Which includes cellulose?
NDF, ADF
702
Crude fibre means?
Hemicellulose, cellulose, lignin
703
What are the antinutritive factors in rapeseed
Glucosinolates
704
In female T-2 mycotoxins reduces concentration of
Progesterone
705
The fill into value of forage degradation
Fibre content
706
Anti nutritive that binds calcium
Oxalates
707
Constituent of B12
Cobalt
708
Statement which is not valid for mycotoxins
Have an antigen effect
709
Dark pigmentation in fish body
Deficiency of riboflavin B2
710
GH in dairy cow stimulates
Lipolysis
711
Degree og hydrolytic rancidity is expressed by what?
Acid number
712
CAB in great dane must be a positive?
No
713
One of the main physiological function to maintain proteins
Vitamin A, Vitamin U, Niacin
714
Phosphate is higher than calcium in
Oats
715
What is Swan report
Antibiotics
716
What are considered neutral acids?
fish oils and conjugated linoleic acid
717
Many hormones are dependent on
Zinc
718
What are determined based on changes in BW?
Protein efficiency ratio
719
DCP?
Rabbit, pig, horse, duck
720
MP?
Dairy cow, beef cattle, sheep
721
What is limiting amino acid?
Lysine - cereal grains
| Methionine - Legumes
722
Enzyme supplement in barley based diets for chicks?
Gluconase and phytase
723
Why is cellulose added to diets?
To increase fibre digestibility
724
Order the CP content based on DM bases
Alfalfa hay (20%) < Soybean (40%) < Extracted soybean meal (50%) < Fish meal (60-70%)
