Nutrition

Question 1

What is the function of Vitamin B3/Niacin

Answer 1

Constituent of NAD+ and NADP+ (used in redox reactions)

B3 = 3 ATP

Question 2

From what is Vitamin B3/Niacin derived?

Answer 2

Tryptophan

Question 3

What is required for the synthesis of Vitamin B3/Niacin?

Answer 3

Vitamins B2 and B6

Question 4

Vitamin B3/Niacin is used in the treatment of what?

Answer 4

Dyslipidemia (lowers levels of VLDL and raises levels of HDL)

Question 5

What is caused by Vitamin B3/Niacin deficiency?

Answer 5

Glossitis

Severe deficiency leads to pellagra

Question 6

What can cause pellagra?

Answer 6

Hartnup disease
Increased W metabolism (malignant carcinoid syndrome)
Decreased B6 (i-son-ia-zid)

Question 7

Sxs of pellagra

Answer 7

Diarrhea
Dementia (also hallucinations)
Dermatitis

Question 8

Hartnup disease: inheritance pattern

Answer 8

autosomal recessive

Question 9

What is Hartnup disease?

Answer 9

Deficiency of neutral amino acid transporters in proximal renal tubular cells and on enterocytes (cells of the intestinal lining)

Question 10

Hartnup disease: pathogenesis

Answer 10

• Aminoaciduria (neutral)
• Decreased AA absorption in gut (neutral)
• Shortage of W for conversion to niacin, leading to pellagra-like sxs

Question 11

What is the treatment for Hartnup disease?

Answer 11

High protein diet
Nicotinic acid (niacin)

Question 12

What does excess Vitamin B3/Niacin lead to?

Answer 12

• facial flushing
• hyperglycemia
• hyperuricemia

Question 13

What causes the facial flushing assoc w/ excess vitamin B3/niacin?

Answer 13

Prostaglandin (not histamine)

Question 14

How can facial flushing assoc w/ excess vitamin B3/niacin be avoided?

Answer 14

Taking aspirin

Question 15

What is the function of Vitamin B5/pantothenic acid?

Answer 15

• Essential component of coenzyme A, a cofactor of acyl transfer
• Essential component of fatty acid synthase

Question 16

Vitamin B5 is also known as what?

Answer 16

Pantothenic acid

B5 for “pento”thenic acid

Question 17

Vitamin B6 AKA _____ is converted to _______, a cofactor used in

1. _________
2. _________
3. _________

Answer 17

AKA pyridoxine
converted to pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)
1.  transamination
2. decarboxylation reactions
3. glycogen phosphorylase

Question 18

Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) is involved in the synthesis of

1. ____
2. ____
3. ____
4. ____
5. ____

Answer 18

1. cystathionine
2. heme
3. niacin
4. histamine
5. neurotransmitters

Question 19

Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) is involved in the synthesis of neurotransmitters, including:

1. ___
2. ___
3. ___
4. ___
5. ___

Answer 19

1. serotonin
2. epinephrine
3. norepinephrine
4. dopamine
5. GABA