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Foundations EXAM 2 > Nutrition > Flashcards

Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 components of Nutritional Assessment

A
  1. Anthropometry – measurement of body muscle and fat
  2. Biochemical – tests based on blood and urine
  3. Clinical Examination – medical history, physical exam, acute/chronic illness, setting
  4. Dietary Evaluation – history from patient; archival data/record
  5. Energy Expenditure (physical activity) – formulas regarding energy and dietary intake needs
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2
Q

Describe Antrhopometry

A
  • Height
  • Weight
  • Body Mass Index (BMI)
  • Waist Circumference
  • % Body Fat
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3
Q

How to measure Body Mass Index (BMI)? What are categories and ranges?

A
  • Multiply current weight by 703
  • Divide that number by hight in INCHES
  • Divide that number by hight in INCHES = BMI
  • Underweight: <18.5
  • Healthy: 18.5 - 24.9
  • Overweight: 25 - 29.9
  • Obese: 30 - 34.9
  • Severely obese: 35 - 39.9
  • Morbidly obese: >40
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4
Q

Waist Circumference categories and ranges

A
  • Very low: F = <70cm; M = <80cm
  • Low: F = 70-89cm; M = 80-99cm
  • High: F = 90-109cm; M = 100-120cm
  • Very high: F = >110; M = >120cm
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5
Q

How do you measure Waist Circumference?

A

1) Make sure abdomen is unrestricted
2) Align the bottom edge of the tape measure on the top of the top of the hipbone
3) Make sure the tape is placed horizontally
4) Take 2 - 3 normal breaths –> Tighten the tape measure after 3rd breath
5) Take measurement

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6
Q

Body Fat Percentage ranges

A
  • Essential fat: F = 10-13%; M = 2-5%
  • Athletes: F = 14-20%; M = 6-13%
  • Fitness: F = 21-24%; M = 14-17%
  • Average: F = 25-31%; M = 18-24%
  • Obese: F = +32%; M = +25%
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7
Q

What is measured in a Biochemical Assessment

A
  • Vitamins
  • Minerals
  • Amino Acids
  • Antioxidants
  • Carbohydrate metabolites, Fatty acids, Metabolites
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8
Q

What is measured in a Biochemical Assessment

A

Looking at urine and blood

  • Vitamins
  • Minerals
  • Amino Acids
  • Antioxidants
  • Carbohydrate metabolites, Fatty acids, Metabolites
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9
Q

Info for Vitamin A

A
  • Source: Cod liver oil
  • Soluble: Fat
  • RDA: 900 µg
  • UL: 3,000 µg
  • Deficiencies disease: Night blindness, hyperkeratosis, and keratomalacia
  • Overdose disease: Hypervitaminosis A
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10
Q

Info for Vitamin B1

A
  • Source: Rice bran
  • Soluble: Water
  • RDA: 1.2 mg
  • UL: N/D
  • Deficiencies disease: Beriberi, Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
  • Overdose disease: Drowsiness or muscle relaxation with large doses.
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11
Q

Info for Vitamin B2

A
  • Source: Meat and egg
  • Soluble: Water
  • RDA: 1.3 mg
  • UL: N/D
  • Deficiencies disease: Ariboflavinosis, glossitis, angular stomatitis
  • Overdose disease: N/A
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12
Q

Info for Vitamin B3

A
  • Source: Meat, egg and grains
  • Soluble: Water
  • RDA: 16.0 mg
  • UL: 35.0 mg
  • Deficiencies disease: Pellagra
  • Overdose disease: Liver damage
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13
Q

Info for Vitamin B5

A
  • Source: Meat, whole grains, in most foods
  • Soluble: Water
  • RDA: 5.0 mg
  • UL: N/D
  • Deficiencies disease: Paresthesia
  • Overdose disease: Diarrhea; possibly nausea and heartburn
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14
Q

Info for Vitamin B6

A
  • Source: Meat and dairy products
  • Soluble: Water
  • RDA: 1.3–1.7 mg
  • UL: 100 mg
  • Deficiencies disease: Anemia peripheral neuropathy
  • Overdose disease: Impairment of proprioception, nerve damage
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15
Q

Info for Vitamin B7

A
  • Source: Meat, dairy products, eggs
  • Soluble: Water
  • RDA: 30.0 µg
  • UL: N/D
  • Deficiencies disease: Dermatitis, enteritis
  • Overdose disease: N/A
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16
Q

Info for Vitamin B9

A
  • Source: Leafy green vegetables
  • Soluble: Water
  • RDA: 400 µg
  • UL: 1,000 µg
  • Deficiencies disease: Megaloblastic anemia and deficiency during pregnancy is associated with birth defects, such as neural tube defects
  • Overdose disease: May mask symptoms of vitamin B12 deficiency; other effects.
17
Q

Info for Vitamin B12

A
  • Source: Liver, eggs, animal products
  • Soluble: Water
  • RDA: 2.4 µg
  • UL: N/D
  • Deficiencies disease: Pernicious anemia
  • Overdose disease: Acne-like rash
18
Q

Info for Vitamin C

A
  • Source: Citrus
  • Soluble: Water
  • RDA: 90.0 mg
  • UL: 2,000 mg
  • Deficiencies disease: Scurvy
  • Overdose disease: Vitamin C megadosage
19
Q

Info for Vitamin D

A
  • Source: Cod liver oil
  • Soluble: Fat
  • RDA: 10 µg
  • UL: 50 µg
  • Deficiencies disease: Rickets and osteomalacia
  • Overdose disease: Hypervitaminosis D
20
Q

Info for Vitamin E

A
  • Source: Wheat germ oil, unrefined vegetable oils
  • Soluble: Fat
  • RDA: 15.0 mg
  • UL: 1,000 mg
  • Deficiencies disease: Deficiency is very rare; sterility in males and miscarriage in females, mild hemolytic anemia in newborn infants
  • Overdose disease: Increased congestive heart failure seen in one large randomized study
21
Q

Info for Vitamin K

A
  • Source: Leafy green vegetables
  • Soluble: Fat
  • RDA: 120 µg
  • UL: N/D
  • Deficiencies disease: Bleeding diathesis
  • Overdose disease: Increases coagulation in patients taking warfarin
22
Q

Info for Ca

A
  • Source: Milk + dairy products
  • RDA: 1,000 mg
  • Deficiencies disease: Brittle bones
23
Q

Info for Fe

A
  • Source: Lean red meat, fish oil, egg yokes, green leafy vegetables, nuts
  • RDA: 8 - 18 mg
  • Deficiencies disease: tiredness
24
Q

Info for Mg

A
  • Source: green leafy vegetables, nuts
  • RDA: 400 mg
  • Deficiencies disease: Muscle spasms
25
Q

Info for Zn

A
  • Source: Meat, selfish, brown rice, nuts
  • RDA: 8 - 11 mg
  • Deficiencies disease: lesions on skin, eyes, throat, slow healing wounds
26
Q

Signs and symptoms for Mg deficiencies

A

Nausea, weakness, cognitive impairment, arrhythmia, constipation, muscle cramps

27
Q

Signs and symptoms for Fe deficiencies

A

Fatigue, anemia, glossitis

28
Q

Signs and symptoms for Vitamin D deficiencies

A

Rickets, bone pain, muscle weakness, fatigue, frequent urination,

29
Q

Signs and symptoms for B1 deficiencies

A

Beriberi, edema, hot feet, lactic acidosis with carbohydrate loading, irritability, poor coordination, symmetrical muscle weakness,

30
Q

Signs and symptoms for Folate deficiencies

A

Megaloblastic anemia, glossitis, hair loss, cognitive defects, palor, fatigue, tender tongue,

31
Q

Signs and symptoms for B12 deficiencies

A

Megaloblastic anemia, glossitis, tachycardia, anorexia, memory loss, muscle weakness, depression, constipation, fatigue

32
Q

Mini-MNA - Intervention

A
  • Normal (12-14 points): Re-screen
  • At risk (8-11 points): Weight loss –> Treat; No-weight loss –> Monitor
  • Malnourished (0-7 points): Treat
33
Q

Full-MNA - Intervention

A
  • Normal (24-30 points): Re-screen
  • At risk (17-23.5 points): Weight loss –> Treat; No-weight loss –> Monitor
  • Malnourished (<17 points): Treat

Foundations EXAM 2 (3 decks)

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