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Exam 2 > Nutrition > Flashcards

Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

Macronutrients

A

provide energy and calories and dietary essential nutrients. Carbohydrates, fats, proteins.

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2
Q

Micronutrients

A

Needed in less quantity and fulfill many functions. Vitamins and minerals.

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3
Q

Water soluble vitamins

A

Used to synthesize coenzymes

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4
Q

Vitamin A

A

Growth and vision

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5
Q

Vitamin D

A

Calcium metabolism and bone health

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6
Q

Vitamin E

A

Radical scavenging

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7
Q

Vitamin K

A

Blood clotting

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8
Q

What are the lipid soluble vitamins?

A

ADEK

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9
Q

Electrolytes

A

Inorganic ions that are dissolved in the fluid compartments of the body (sodium, potassium, chloride)

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10
Q

Minerals

A

Required in large quantities. Calcium, phosphorous, magnesium, iron, and sulfur.

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11
Q

Estimated Energy requirement

A

Average facility dietary intake require to maintain an energy balance.

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12
Q

Positive Caloric Balance

A

Weight gain, increase fat stores, lead to heart disease or T2 diabetes

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13
Q

Negative Caloric Balance

A

Weight loss. Decreased fat stores. Decrease ability to fight infections, lead to pneumonia or diarrhea.

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14
Q

Total Energy Expenditure

A

Consists of the:

1) Resting Metabolicrate
2) Diet induced thermogenesis
3) Energy cost of physical activity

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15
Q

Resting Metabolic Rate

A

Energy absorbed in a resting, postabsorptive state. Affected by age, gender, body temperature, and others. Increased in hyperthyroidism and decreases in hypothyroidism.

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16
Q

Rank the following according to metabolic rate: fat, organs, muscle

A

Organs–>Muscle–>Fat

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17
Q

Diet-Induced Thermogenesis

A

The energy required to digest, absorb, transport, and store food.

18
Q

What is the assumed BMR for young people?

A

24 kcal/day/kg

19
Q

Respiratory Quotient

A

Allows the determination of the relative rate of utilization of carbohydrates and fats. Ratio of carbon dioxide output to oxygen usage.

20
Q

What is the medical importance of dietary lipids?

A

Important for energy metabolism and storage of fat in human adipose tissue. Help to metabolize lipid soluble vitamins.

21
Q

What is the medical importance of dietary fatty acids?

A

Membrane fluidity and precursor to eicosanoids. Omega-3 or omega-6

22
Q

What are some types of eicosanoids?

A

Prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes

23
Q

What is the medical importance of dietary carbohydrates?

A

Energy metabolism

24
Q

Glycemic Response and Index

A

Glycemic index is a relative ranking of carbohydrates in foods and how they affect blood glucose levels. The glycemic index measures the response

25
Q

Low glycemic index foods

A

Slowly increase blood glucose, low maximum effect, sustain blood glucose levels longer

26
Q

Fiber

A

Adds bulk to food, absorbs water, and increases bowel motility. Makes you feel full.

27
Q

what is the medical important of dietary proteins?

A

Provide amino acids which are used after absorption by many cells for protein synthesis

28
Q

What are the essential amino acids?

A

PVT TIM HALL

Phenylalanine, valine, threonine, tryptophan isoleucine, methionine, histidine, arginine, leucine, lysine

29
Q

What do children and pregnant women need more of, in regards to amino acids?

A

Arginine and histidine

30
Q

How much nitrogen is in one gram of protein?

A

6.25 grams

31
Q

What is the main way of getting rid of nitrogen?

A

Urea in the urine

32
Q

Positive Nitrogen balance

A

The nitrogen intake exceeds nitrogen excretion. Used for tissue growth

33
Q

Negative Nitrogen Balance

A

Increased catabolism of tissue protein

34
Q

Gherlin

A

Peptide hormone produced by the stomach under fasting conditions. Stimulates appetite.

35
Q

Cholecystokinin (CCK)

A

Peptide hormone produced by the small intestine and stimulate satiety.

36
Q

Leptin

A

Peptide hormone produced by adipose tissue. Secreted in proportion with fat scores. decreases fat stores and increases energy expenditure.

37
Q

Insulin

A

Peptide hormone produced by the Beta cell of pancreas. Decreases appetite

38
Q

Protein Energy Malnutrition

A

Most commonly seen in patients with medical conditions that have decreased appetite or altered digestion and absorption.

39
Q

Kwashiorkor

A

Deficiency of dietary proteins and dietary essential amino acids that results in deceased blood albumin and edema in the abdomen and legs. Disease of the displaced child.

40
Q

Marasmus

A

Caused by severe undernourishment with deficiency in carbohydrates, lipids, protein, and other nutrient. Arrested growth, extremes tissue and muscle wasting, loss of fat, anemia, and loose skin folds. Can be found in the elderly.

Exam 2 (10 decks)

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