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Food Technology > Nutrition > Flashcards

Nutrition Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 6 nutrients?

A

Fats, minerals, vitamins, proteins, carbohydrates and water

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2
Q

Where do fats come from?

A

Plant and animal sources

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3
Q

What are the 3 type of fatty acids? What do they do and what food causes it?

A

~Saturated - increase your cholesterol e.g. Red meat
~Mono-saturated - lowers your cholesterol e.g. Fish, nuts, vegetable oils
~Poly-unsaturated - lowers cholesterol e.g. Margarine, legumes, Brazil nuts, peanuts, walnuts

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4
Q

What are fatty acids made of?

A

Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

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5
Q

What are trans fats?

A

Hydrogenated vegetable oil

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6
Q

What is adipose tissue and what does it do?

A

Fat

It retains body heat, protects your organs, carries vitamin A,D,E,K, acts as part of the body’s messenger system

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7
Q

What is protein?

A

Amino acids, formed through; carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen, sulphur

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8
Q

What 2 structures does protein form?

A 
Globular proteins (round in shape) e.g. Eggs
Fibrous proteins (not round) e.g. Steak
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9
Q

What are complete proteins?

A

Foods that provide all essential amino acids e.g. Meat, eggs

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10
Q

What are incomplete proteins?

A

Foods that provide some essential amino acids for health e.g. Tofu, legumes, nuts

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11
Q

What do proteins do?

A

~Repair and maintain cells
~Regulate body temperature
~Maintain a healthy body

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12
Q

Do you receive energy from protein?

A

Yes

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13
Q

What are the macro-nutrients and what do they do?

A

Protein
Carbohydrates
Fats
They yield energy and calories

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14
Q

What are micro-nutrients and what do they do?

A

Water
Vitamins
Minerals
Yield no calories

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15
Q

What are carbohydrates?

A

The energy source of our daily diets. Include plant nutrients which are produced by photosynthesis

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16
Q

What are the 3 subgroups for carbohydrates?

A

Polysaccharides
Disaccharides
Monosaccharides

17
Q

What are monosaccharides?

A

Simple sugars and the building blocks of all carbohydrates

18
Q

What are the main sugars in monosaccharides and what do they do?

A

Glucose - most common form of energy
Fructose
Galactose
Make up all other carbohydrates in our food

19
Q

What are disaccharides and what do they do?

A

2 monosaccharides joined together
Add sweetness to the diet and found naturally in some foods e.g fruit
It can also be from excess energy which can then be converted to fat by the body

20
Q

What are the main sugars in disaccharides?

A

Sucrose - table sugar
Lactose - milk
Maltose - beer

21
Q

What are polysaccharides?

A

Many monosaccharides bound together by peptide bonds

22
Q

4 key polysaccharides and give examples:

A

Starch (wheat, corn, rice and potatoes)
Glycogen (used by the body to produce glucose)
Pectin (fruits and root vegetables)
Cellulose (dietary fibre)

23
Q

What are starches and how are they consumed?

A

Polysaccharides of glucose which is found in plants

They are broken down by glycogen which is found in the liver and muscles to form glucose for energy

24
Q

What are pectins and what do they do?

A

Sourced in fruit and vegetables

Function is largely in the sweetening of other foods e.g. Desserts

25
Q

What does cellulose do?

A

Enable digestion via mastication

Be passed through the body and be excreted by the digestive system

26
Q

What does GI index stand for?

A

Glycaemic index

27
Q

What is the Glycaemic index?

A

Foods rated to their glucose responses to post meal

28
Q

Low GI foods:

A 
Nuts
Bread
Rice
Oats
Pasta
29
Q

High GI foods:

A

Cake
Chocolate
Energy drinks
Lollies

30
Q

What are waters functions?

A

Helps to balance potassium and sodium levels
Transportation of nutrients
Regulation of temperature
Forms part of a cells structure

31
Q

What nutrients do pregnant women need and why?

A

Protein - to make the foetus and placenta grow, also because of their increase in breasts, uterus and blood supply
Vitamins - Large amounts of B-group vitamins because their body is releasing energy from carbs, proteins and lipids
- vitamin C for developing strong, healthy tissue and iron absorption in the foetus
- Folate and B12 in charge of developing normal blood cells
Minerals - need double amount of iron to help develop new red blood cells. If not enough, may be diagnosed with “Anaemia”
- Calcium to develop teeth and strong healthy bones in foetus

32
Q

What nutrients do Adolescence need and why?

A

Protein - for building body tissue
B group vitamins - help release energy from carbohydrates, lipids and proteins
Minerals - calcium and phosphorus and help the bones grow longer and thicker
- iron to provide the increased blood volume and muscle mass

33
Q

What are the Fat-soluble vitamins?

A

A, D, E and K

34
Q

What are the water soluble vitamins?

A

B group, C

Food Technology (4 decks)

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