Nutrition

Question 1

Vitamin A name

Answer 1

Retinoids (obtained from carotenoids in plants)

Question 2

Vitamin A functions

Answer 2

vision, cellular growth, immune

Question 3

Vitamin A deficiency

Answer 3

1 symptom: night blindeness

2: epithelial keratinization
3. xeropthalmia: (keratinization of eyes…ends as blindness)

Question 4

Vitamin A toxicity

Answer 4

overconsumption of preformed Vit A from supplements

symp: nause, vomiting, headache, skin peeling…. if chronic then weightloss, tenerness of bone.. and red gingiva

Question 5

Vitamin D name

Answer 5

Cholecalciferol

Question 6

Vittamin D synthesis

Answer 6

done by UV light

active form: 25-OH-D3

Question 7

Vitamin D function

Answer 7

regulate Ca, and phos levels..increase absoprption and reapsorption

Question 8

Vitamin D deficiency

Answer 8

Osteomalacia and rickets….black skin color most at risk

Question 9

Vitamin E name

Answer 9

Tocopherol

Question 10

Vitamin E functions

Answer 10

antioxidant (found in plants)

Question 11

Vitamin K name

Answer 11

Phylloquinone

Question 12

Vitamin K function

Answer 12

enzyme: glutamate carboxylase

also function in clotting

Question 13

Vitamin K deficiency

Answer 13

main sign is bleeding and poor coagulation

newborns at risk for deficiency unless vitamin K prohpylaxis given at birht

Question 14

Vitamin B1 name

Answer 14

Thiamin

Question 15

Thiamin function

Answer 15

coenzyme for: pyruvate dehydrogenase….also transketolase, a ketogulatarate dehydrogenase
(metabolism of carbohydrates)

Question 16

Thiamin deficiency

Answer 16

risk if alcoholic (maybe newborns)
known as beriberi
dry: peripheral neurophthy.. sorness
wet: congestive heart failure and edema
cerbral beriberi (Wirnece Koraskoff- sever alcoholics) mental confusion and coma

Question 17

Niaci function

Answer 17

coenzymes for redox rxn, AtP synthesis

Question 18

Niacin deficiency

Answer 18

Pellegra (like Wenicke’s….mental change and coma
also 4 ds: diarrhea, dermatosis, dementia, death
dermatosis on neck

Question 19

Vitamin B 12 name

Answer 19

Cobalmin

Question 20

Vitamin B12 absorption

Answer 20

need intrinsic factor secreted from stomach to absorb in Ileum

Question 21

Vitamin B12 function

Answer 21

Cysteine formation and interaction w/ purine synthesis: conenzyme for methionine synthase, methionine adenosyltransferase… and adenosylhomocyteine hydrolase

Question 22

B12 deficiency

Answer 22

similar to folate deficiency:… bad DNA/ RNA synthesis
get: megaloblastic anemia, and hyperhomocysteinemenia

note: vegans at risk…b12 not in plant food

Question 23

Folic acid function

Answer 23

DNA/ RNA synthesis: coenzyme for thymidylate synthase, methionine synthase, dihydrofolate reductase

Question 24

Folic acid deficiency

Answer 24

similar to B12: megaloblastic anemia (weakness, sore tongue, irratability and forgetfullness
hyperhomocytenemia

Question 25

vitamin B2 name

Answer 25

Riboflavin

Question 26

Riboflavin functions

Answer 26

coenzyme in TCA and beta oxidation: coenzye: succinate dehyrdrogenase and acyl coa dehyrdogenase

Question 27

riboflavin deficiency

Answer 27

sore throat, cheiolsis, glossitis, angular stomatitis… non epecific symptom

Question 28

vitamin C name

Answer 28

absorbic acid

Question 29

vitamin c functions

Answer 29

for collagen hydroxylation: coeenzyme for: prolyl hydroxylase and lysyl hdroxylase

Question 30

vitamin C deficiency

Answer 30

Scurvy: problems w/ collagen formation, bleeding into joints, or body cavities, Inflammation/ bleeding of gingiva early sign