Nutrition 213 exam 3

Question 1

Dipeptide

Answer 1

2 amino acids

Question 2

Tripeptide

Answer 2

3 amino acids

Question 3

Oligopeptide

Answer 3

4-9 amino acids

Question 4

Polypeptide chains

Answer 4

10+ Amino Acids joined together

Question 5

Protein

Answer 5

Approximately 50+ Amino acid joined together

Question 6

Peptide

Answer 6

Amino group (NH3) of one AA
binds with the acid group (COOH) of another

Question 7

Collagen

Answer 7

• Most abundant protein in our body

- Gives strength & stretch to tendons & ligaments

Question 8

Transporter Protein

Answer 8

Helps transport substances across the cell membrane

Question 9

Protein turn over rate

Answer 9

Collagen, connective tissue = slow turnover
Muscles =slow to moderate turnover
Organs (e.g. intestine, liver) = high turnover

Question 10

Gene Expression

Answer 10

Cells use genes to make proteins

Question 11

Organic

Answer 11

contain carbon

Question 12

Micronutrients

Answer 12

Needed in small amounts

Question 13

Essentials

Answer 13

Needed from the diet

Question 14

Non-energy yielding

Answer 14

don’t provide calories

Question 15

Fat Soluble

Answer 15

Vitamin K
Vitamin E
Vitamin D
Vitamin A

Question 16

Water Soluble

Answer 16

Vitamin B

Vitamin C

Question 17

Coenzyme

Answer 17

some vitamins act as co-factors that bind to an enzyme to promote its activity

Question 18

Antioxidant

Answer 18

some vitamins decreases the adverse effects of reactive oxygen molecules

Question 19

Digestion

Answer 19

vitamins are not broken down (digested)

Question 20

Mouth

Answer 20

chewing begins the process of releasing vitamins from food matrix

Question 21

Stomach

Answer 21

mechanical and chemical digestion

continues to break down food matrix

Question 22

Small Intestines

Answer 22

bile and pancreatic enzymes finish the breakdown of the food matrix

Question 23

Absorption of Vitamins

Answer 23

-Fat Soluble – same as lipids (micelle)
-Water Soluble – many require active
transport

Question 24

Thiamin (B1)

Answer 24

Needed for pyruvate conversion to Acetyl-CoA (coenyzme for Pyruvate Dehydrogenase enzyme
(no tolerable upper limit)

Question 25

Thiamin (B1) Deficiency

Answer 25

-Beriberi: “extreme weakness”, nerve degeneration - Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome (in alcoholics): mental confusion, psychosis, memory loss, coma

Question 26

Riboflavin (B2)

Answer 26

Coenzyme that acts as electron carriers during cellular respiration

Question 27

Riboflavin (B2) Deficiency

Answer 27

``` Skin disorders (lips, skin); slow healing of injuries (No tolerable upper limit) ```

Question 28

Niacin (B3)

Answer 28

Coenzyme in synthesis of cholesterol

Question 29

Niacin (B3) Deficiency

Answer 29

Pellagra- - Dermatitis - Diarrhea - Dementia - Death

Question 30

Biotin (B7)

Answer 30

- Involved in reactions that add CO2 to molecules - Coenzyme used in Kreb Cycle - No tolerable upper limit

Question 31

Biotin (B7) Deficiency

Answer 31

Nausea, thinning hair, rash, depression, tingling in hands and feet

Question 32

Pantothenic Acid (B5)

Answer 32

-Part of the coenzyme A (CoA) complex that is used to make Acetyl-CoA -No tolerable upper limit

Question 33

Pantothenic Acid (B5) Deficiency

Answer 33

Rare due to wide distribution

Question 34

Vitamin (B6)

Answer 34

- Non-essential amino acid synthesis | - Food Sources: Protein, meat, egg, legumes

Question 35

Vitamin (B6) Deficiency

Answer 35

Poor growth, anemia, neurological | symptoms