Nutrition Flashcards
What’s the approximate daily expenditure of a 70kg male adult?
12,000kJ
What’s the approximate daily expenditure of a 58kg female adult?
9,500kJ
List the three main components of energy expenditure
Basal metabolic rate, voluntary physical exercise, process food
What role do fats play in diet?
Necessary to absorb fat-soluble vitamins (ADEK). Essential fatty acids are structural components of membranes
What role do proteins play in diet?
Amino acids are used in synthesis of essential N-containing compounds, maintain nitrogen balance, essential amino acids can’t be synthesised
What role do carbohydrates play in diet?
Major energy-containing component of the diet
What role does water play in diet?
Needed for a soluble environment, for metabolic reactions.
What role does fibre play in diet?
Non-digestible plant material needed for normal bowel function
What role do mineral and vitamins play in diet?
Either water-soluble or lipid-soluble. Deficiency diseases are associated with absence/excess of these
What is marasmus?
Protein-energy malnutrition. Emaciated, muscle wasting, loss of body fat. No oedema. Thin, dry hair, diarrhoea. May be anaemic.
What is kwashiorkor?
Some carb but low protein. Apathetic, lethargic and anorexic. Hepatomegaly, ascites, generalised oedema due to low serum albumin
What is the equation for BMI?
BMI = weight (kg) / height squared (m)
Define obesity
Excess body fat accumulation to the extent it has an adverse effect on health (BMI>30)
What are the main control systems in the body?
Communication, control centre, receptors and effectors
How much energy is provided by fats?
37 kJ/g
