nutrition

Question 1

what is a phytochemical?

Answer 1

a natural chemical substance found in plant foods, many of which are known to be beneficial to body health

Question 2

what do phytochemicals do?

Answer 2

• give a natural colour, flavour and aroma
  -enable them to resist disease or attacks by predators
• enable them to grow and reproduce
• attracts insects to pollinate them so they can reproduce

Question 3

what is a food additive?

Answer 3

chemical substances added to processed food by food manufactures

Question 4

what do food additives do?

Answer 4

• improve sensory qualities
• preserve food to make it last longer
• makes sure that food stays stable and does not change its texture
• add nutritional value

Question 5

balanced diet

Answer 5

a diet that provides a person with the right amount of nutrients for their need

Question 6

good nutrition

Answer 6

eating a wide variety of foods that are mostly unprocessed and drinking plenty of water

Question 7

malnutrition

Answer 7

an insufficient excessive or unbalanced intake of nutrients and energy that affects general health, body growth and functions and leads to a range of diet-related diseases

Question 8

nutrients

Answer 8

natural chemical substances in foods that are essential for body growth, function and health

Question 9

nutritional value

Answer 9

the amounts of specific nutrients that are found in a quantity of food

Question 10

nutrient density

Answer 10

a measure of a number and quantity of different nutrients a food contains

Question 11

biological value

Answer 11

how much of a nutrient in a food is used by the body, after the nutrient has been digested and absorbed by the small intestine

Question 12

glycaemic index

Answer 12

a system for rating foods according to how rapidly and by how much they individually raise the blood glucose level in a person

it means ‘glucose in the blood’

Question 13

complementary interactions of nutrients

vitamin c and …….

Answer 13

iron

vitamin c enables iron to be absorbed from the small intestine into the body

Question 14

complementary interactions of nutrients

vitamin D and ……

Answer 14

calcium

vitamin D enables calcium to be absorbed from the small intestine into the body

Question 15

complementary interactions of nutrients

Vitamins B1, B3, B6 and …..

Answer 15

carbohydrates

enable energy to be released from the carbohydrates in a series of chemical reactions inside the mitochondria cells

protein

the amino acid tryptophan is converted into vitamin B3 in the body. B1 and B6 are needed for this to take place

Question 16

complementary interactions of nutrients

Vitamin C and …..

Answer 16

Vitamin E

work together as antioxidants

Question 17

complementary interactions of nutrients

vitamin B6 and …..

Answer 17

Vitamin B12

B6 is needed for the absorption of B12

Question 18

negative interactions of nutrients

vitamin A and …..

Answer 18

Vitamin K

too much Vitamin A can affect the absorption of Vitamin K in the body

Question 19

negative interactions of nutrients

fibre and …..

Answer 19

calcium and iron

Too much fibre and interfere with how much calcium and iron are absorbed from the small intestine

Question 20

protein complementation

Answer 20

when two LBV protein are eaten together to make up for the lack of amino acids in each
for example, beans of toast

Question 21

lipids

Answer 21

• substances that are insoluble in water, but soluble in solvents, for example, alcohol and ether.
• lipids are referred to as fats when used in cooking

Question 22

macronutrients

Answer 22

protein, fat and carbohydrate, which are needed in larger amounts than micronutrients

Question 23

micronutrients

Answer 23

vitamins and minerals, which are needed in smaller amounts than macronutrients

Question 24

chemical composition of protein

Answer 24

Carbon (C)
Hydrogen (H)
Oxygen (O)
Nitrogen (N)
Phosphorus (P)
Sulphur (S)