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PHRM2101 > Nutrition > Flashcards

Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

Vitamin A Function

A

Essential for vision, immune function, and skin health.

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2
Q

Vitamin A Deficiency

A

Night blindness, increased susceptibility to infections, and skin issues.

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3
Q

Vitamin D Function

A

Crucial for calcium absorption and bone health.

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4
Q

Vitamin D Deficiency

A

Rickets in children, osteomalacia in adults, and increased risk of fractures.

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5
Q

Vitamin C Function

A

Important for collagen synthesis, antioxidant protection, and immune function.

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6
Q

Vitamin C Deficiency

A

Scurvy, characterized by bleeding gums, joint pain, and poor wound healing.

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7
Q

Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) Function

A

Energy Metabolism

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8
Q

Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) Deficiency

A

Leads to beriberi: Loss of appetite, weakness, pain in the limbs, shortness of breath and swollen feet or legs.

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9
Q

Vitamin B3 (Niacin) Function

A

Energy production and DNA repair

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10
Q

Vitamin B3 (Niacin) Deficiency

A

Causes pellagra. Symptoms include dermatitis, dementia, and diarrhea. This is because niacin deficiency is most noticeable in body parts with high rates of cell turnover, such as your skin or gastrointestinal tract. Dermatitis related to pellagra usually causes a rash on the face, lips, feet, or hands.

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11
Q

Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) Function

A

Red blood cell formation and neurological function

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12
Q

Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) Deficiency

A

Results in megaloblastic anemia and neurological issues. Megalobastic anemia is a form of anemia characterized by very large red blood cells and a decrease in the number of those cells.

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13
Q

Iron Function

A

Essential for oxygen transport in the blood.

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14
Q

Iron Deficiency

A

Anemia, characterized by fatigue, weakness, and pale skin.

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15
Q

Iodine Function

A

Crucial for thyroid hormone production.

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16
Q

Iodine Deficiency

A

Goiter, hypothyroidism, and developmental delays in children.

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17
Q

Calcium Function

A

Vital for bone health and muscle function.

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18
Q

Calcium Deficiency

A

Osteoporosis, muscle spasms, and increased fracture risk.

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19
Q

Zinc Function

A

Important for immune function, wound healing, and DNA synthesis.

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20
Q

Zinc Deficiency

A

Growth retardation, loss of appetite, and impaired immune function.

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21
Q

Amino Acid Function

A

Essential for protein synthesis, enzyme function, and neurotransmitter production.

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22
Q

Amino Acid Deficiency

A

Muscular atrophy, weakened immune response, and cognitive issues.

23
Q

Digestive Acids and Enzymes Function

A

Essential for digestion and absorption of nutrients.

24
Q

Digestive Acids and Enzymes Deficiency

A

Poor digestion, malabsorption, and malnutrition.

25
Q

Fibre Function

A

Important for digestive health and regular bowel movements.

26
Q

Fibre Deficiency

A

Constipation, hemorrhoids, and increased risk of colon cancer.

27
Q

Iron Deficiency Pathophysiology

A

Reduced hemoglobin synthesis due to insufficient iron.

28
Q

Iron Deficiency Clinical Presentation

A

Fatigue, pallor, shortness of breath.

29
Q

Iron Deficiency Management

A

Iron supplements, dietary changes to include more iron-rich foods.

30
Q

Vitamin D Deficiency Pathophysiology

A

Impaired calcium absorption due to lack of vitamin D.

31
Q

Vitamin D Deficiency Clinical Presentation

A

Bone pain, muscle weakness, increased risk of fractures.

32
Q

Vitamin D Deficiency Management

A

Vitamin D supplements, increased sunlight exposure, dietary sources like fortified foods.

33
Q

Iodine Deficiency Pathophysiology

A

Impaired thyroid hormone production due to lack of iodine.

34
Q

Iodine Deficiency Clinical Presentation

A

: Goiter, developmental delays in children.

35
Q

Iodine Deficiency Management

A

Iodine supplements, iodized salt.

36
Q

Calcium Deficiency Pathophysiology

A

Impaired bone mineralization due to insufficient calcium.

37
Q

Calcium Deficiency Clinical Presentation

A

Osteoporosis, fractures.

38
Q

Calcium Deficiency
Management

A

Calcium supplements, dietary sources like dairy products, leafy greens.

38
Q

Dietary sources of Iron

A

Red meat, beans, fortified cereals.

39
Q

Dietary sources of Iodine

A

Iodized salt, seafood.

40
Q

Dietary sources of Calcium

A

Dairy products, leafy green vegetables.

41
Q

Dietary Sources of FIbre

A

Fruits, vegetables, whole grains.

42
Q

Role of diet and dietary supplements in management of diabetes

A

Focus on low glycemic index foods, balanced meals with controlled carbohydrate intake.

43
Q

Role of diet and dietary supplements in management of heart disease

A

Diets low in saturated fats and high in omega-3 fatty acids from fish.

44
Q

Role of diet and dietary supplements in management of obesity

A

High-calorie, low-nutrient diets contribute to weight gain. Emphasis on balanced, nutrient-rich foods for weight management.

45
Q

Dietary changes for weight management

A

Balanced Diet:

Emphasis on whole foods, including fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains.

Reducing intake of processed foods and sugars.

46
Q

Lifestyle changes for weight management

A

Regular physical activity, mindful eating, and behavioral changes to support long-term weight management.

47
Q

Mediterranean Diet

A

Rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, nuts, and olive oil.
Moderate intake of fish and poultry, low intake of red meat and sweets.
Benefits: Reduces risk of heart disease, improves metabolic health, and may reduce the risk of depression.

48
Q

DASH Diet (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension)

A

Emphasizes fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins.
Low in salt, red meat, and added sugars.
Benefits: Effective for lowering blood pressure, improves heart health.

49
Q

Low-Carb, High-Fat Diet

A

Focuses on reducing carbohydrate intake while increasing fats.
Benefits: May improve insulin sensitivity and promote weight loss.

50
Q

Flexitarian Diet

A

Emphasizes plant-based foods while allowing moderate amounts of meat and animal products.
Benefits: Supports a balanced intake of nutrients and is easier to maintain long-term.

51
Q

Meal Replacement Shakes

A

Used for weight management, particularly in cases of obesity.
Examples: Optifast and OptiSlim.
Benefits: Can lead to rapid weight loss, but requires lifestyle and behavioral changes to maintain weight loss.

52
Q

Potential Risks of Dietary Supplements

A

Overuse of supplements can lead to toxicity (e.g., hypervitaminosis).
Interaction with medications, such as blood thinners and certain herbal supplements.

53
Q

Guidelines for Dietary Supplements

A

Use supplements as directed by healthcare providers.
Focus on obtaining nutrients from a balanced diet whenever possible.

PHRM2101 (1 decks)

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