Nutrition

Question 1

Vitamin A Function

Answer 1

Essential for vision, immune function, and skin health.

Question 2

Vitamin A Deficiency

Answer 2

Night blindness, increased susceptibility to infections, and skin issues.

Question 3

Vitamin D Function

Answer 3

Crucial for calcium absorption and bone health.

Question 4

Vitamin D Deficiency

Answer 4

Rickets in children, osteomalacia in adults, and increased risk of fractures.

Question 5

Vitamin C Function

Answer 5

Important for collagen synthesis, antioxidant protection, and immune function.

Question 6

Vitamin C Deficiency

Answer 6

Scurvy, characterized by bleeding gums, joint pain, and poor wound healing.

Question 7

Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) Function

Answer 7

Energy Metabolism

Question 8

Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) Deficiency

Answer 8

Leads to beriberi: Loss of appetite, weakness, pain in the limbs, shortness of breath and swollen feet or legs.

Question 9

Vitamin B3 (Niacin) Function

Answer 9

Energy production and DNA repair

Question 10

Vitamin B3 (Niacin) Deficiency

Answer 10

Causes pellagra. Symptoms include dermatitis, dementia, and diarrhea. This is because niacin deficiency is most noticeable in body parts with high rates of cell turnover, such as your skin or gastrointestinal tract. Dermatitis related to pellagra usually causes a rash on the face, lips, feet, or hands.

Question 11

Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) Function

Answer 11

Red blood cell formation and neurological function

Question 12

Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) Deficiency

Answer 12

Results in megaloblastic anemia and neurological issues. Megalobastic anemia is a form of anemia characterized by very large red blood cells and a decrease in the number of those cells.

Question 13

Iron Function

Answer 13

Essential for oxygen transport in the blood.

Question 14

Iron Deficiency

Answer 14

Anemia, characterized by fatigue, weakness, and pale skin.

Question 15

Iodine Function

Answer 15

Crucial for thyroid hormone production.

Question 16

Iodine Deficiency

Answer 16

Goiter, hypothyroidism, and developmental delays in children.

Question 17

Calcium Function

Answer 17

Vital for bone health and muscle function.

Question 18

Calcium Deficiency

Answer 18

Osteoporosis, muscle spasms, and increased fracture risk.

Question 19

Zinc Function

Answer 19

Important for immune function, wound healing, and DNA synthesis.

Question 20

Zinc Deficiency

Answer 20

Growth retardation, loss of appetite, and impaired immune function.

Question 21

Amino Acid Function

Answer 21

Essential for protein synthesis, enzyme function, and neurotransmitter production.

Question 22

Amino Acid Deficiency

Answer 22

Muscular atrophy, weakened immune response, and cognitive issues.

Question 23

Digestive Acids and Enzymes Function

Answer 23

Essential for digestion and absorption of nutrients.

Question 24

Digestive Acids and Enzymes Deficiency

Answer 24

Poor digestion, malabsorption, and malnutrition.

Question 25

Fibre Function

Answer 25

Important for digestive health and regular bowel movements.

Question 26

Fibre Deficiency

Answer 26

Constipation, hemorrhoids, and increased risk of colon cancer.

Question 27

Iron Deficiency Pathophysiology

Answer 27

Reduced hemoglobin synthesis due to insufficient iron.

Question 28

Iron Deficiency Clinical Presentation

Answer 28

Fatigue, pallor, shortness of breath.

Question 29

Iron Deficiency Management

Answer 29

Iron supplements, dietary changes to include more iron-rich foods.

Question 30

Vitamin D Deficiency Pathophysiology

Answer 30

Impaired calcium absorption due to lack of vitamin D.

Question 31

Vitamin D Deficiency Clinical Presentation

Answer 31

Bone pain, muscle weakness, increased risk of fractures.

Question 32

Vitamin D Deficiency Management

Answer 32

Vitamin D supplements, increased sunlight exposure, dietary sources like fortified foods.

Question 33

Iodine Deficiency Pathophysiology

Answer 33

Impaired thyroid hormone production due to lack of iodine.

Question 34

Iodine Deficiency Clinical Presentation

Answer 34

: Goiter, developmental delays in children.

Question 35

Iodine Deficiency Management

Answer 35

Iodine supplements, iodized salt.

Question 36

Calcium Deficiency Pathophysiology

Answer 36

Impaired bone mineralization due to insufficient calcium.

Question 37

Calcium Deficiency Clinical Presentation

Answer 37

Osteoporosis, fractures.

Question 38

Calcium Deficiency Management

Answer 38

Calcium supplements, dietary sources like dairy products, leafy greens.

Question 38

Dietary sources of Iron

Answer 38

Red meat, beans, fortified cereals.

Question 39

Dietary sources of Iodine

Answer 39

Iodized salt, seafood.

Question 40

Dietary sources of Calcium

Answer 40

Dairy products, leafy green vegetables.

Question 41

Dietary Sources of FIbre

Answer 41

Fruits, vegetables, whole grains.

Question 42

Role of diet and dietary supplements in management of diabetes

Answer 42

Focus on low glycemic index foods, balanced meals with controlled carbohydrate intake.

Question 43

Role of diet and dietary supplements in management of heart disease

Answer 43

Diets low in saturated fats and high in omega-3 fatty acids from fish.

Question 44

Role of diet and dietary supplements in management of obesity

Answer 44

High-calorie, low-nutrient diets contribute to weight gain. Emphasis on balanced, nutrient-rich foods for weight management.

Question 45

Dietary changes for weight management

Answer 45

Balanced Diet: Emphasis on whole foods, including fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains. Reducing intake of processed foods and sugars.

Question 46

Lifestyle changes for weight management

Answer 46

Regular physical activity, mindful eating, and behavioral changes to support long-term weight management.

Question 47

Mediterranean Diet

Answer 47

Rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, nuts, and olive oil. Moderate intake of fish and poultry, low intake of red meat and sweets. Benefits: Reduces risk of heart disease, improves metabolic health, and may reduce the risk of depression.

Question 48

DASH Diet (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension)

Answer 48

Emphasizes fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins. Low in salt, red meat, and added sugars. Benefits: Effective for lowering blood pressure, improves heart health.

Question 49

Low-Carb, High-Fat Diet

Answer 49

Focuses on reducing carbohydrate intake while increasing fats. Benefits: May improve insulin sensitivity and promote weight loss.

Question 50

Flexitarian Diet

Answer 50

Emphasizes plant-based foods while allowing moderate amounts of meat and animal products. Benefits: Supports a balanced intake of nutrients and is easier to maintain long-term.

Question 51

Meal Replacement Shakes

Answer 51

Used for weight management, particularly in cases of obesity. Examples: Optifast and OptiSlim. Benefits: Can lead to rapid weight loss, but requires lifestyle and behavioral changes to maintain weight loss.

Question 52

Potential Risks of Dietary Supplements

Answer 52

Overuse of supplements can lead to toxicity (e.g., hypervitaminosis). Interaction with medications, such as blood thinners and certain herbal supplements.

Question 53

Guidelines for Dietary Supplements

Answer 53

Use supplements as directed by healthcare providers. Focus on obtaining nutrients from a balanced diet whenever possible.