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Clin Pro II > Nutrition > Flashcards

Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

nutrients

A

essential element that plant or animal obtains from the environment for growth and maintenance

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2
Q

amino acids

A

small molecules that are the building blocks of proteins

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3
Q

protein

A

dietary source of nitrogen, cats need 11 amino acids and dogs need 10

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4
Q

biologic value

A

expression of amount of amino acids in a protein

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5
Q

lipid

A

molecules that store and provide energy, make up cell membrane structure and act as signaling agent and hormones

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6
Q

fatty acid

A

component of triglycerides that may be synthesized by the body or required in the diet of animal

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7
Q

kilojoule (kJ)

A

measure of energy defined as the energy needed to move a 1 kg of weight 1 meter by 1 newton

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8
Q

calorie

A

energy needed to increase temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree

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9
Q

vitamins

A

used in metabolic process, prevent deficiencies, found in animal and plant tissue

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10
Q

metabolizable energy (ME)

A

digestible energy (DE)-energy lost in urine and gas

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11
Q

digestible energy (DE)

A

gross energy from food-energy lost in feces

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12
Q

net energy (NE)

A

metabolizable energy (ME)-energy used in digesting, absorbing, and using food

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13
Q

atwater factors

A

estimated energy (caloric) content assigned to the three micronutrients

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14
Q

energy density

A

kcal per unit of food ingredient or pet food

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15
Q

resting energy requirement

A

widely used estimate of energy expenditure by normal animal at rest

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16
Q

metabolizable energy

A

estimated daily energy requirement for a healthy animal with daily activity and exercise

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17
Q

body condition score

A

method used regularly to asses the weight gain or loss of an animal

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18
Q

assisted feeding

A

providing nutritional support to a sick injured, or hospitalized pet

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19
Q

RER (resting energy requirement)

A

used to estimate how much to feed an overweight dog or cat

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20
Q

energy expenditure (EE)

A

energy burned for normal body functions and increased energy demands such as exercise

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21
Q

net energy (NE)

A

energy from a diet available after digestion and absorption of nutrients

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22
Q

gross energy (GE)

A

total potential energy available in food or diet provided to an animal

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23
Q

kcal

A

standard unit of energy that is also referred to as calories

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24
Q

digestible energy (DE)

A

energy available to an animal after some energy from the diet is lost in feces

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25
Q

forage

A

grass, legumes, and hays

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26
Q

palatability

A

refers to tasty and acceptable properties of food

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27
Q

assisted feeding

A

providing nutritional support to sick, injured, or hospitalized animals

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28
Q

concentrates

A

grains or starch compounds

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29
Q

example of product vignette

A

Purina Dog Chow

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30
Q

example of guaranteed analysis

A

crude protein 42% (minimum)

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31
Q

example of ingredient statement

A

chicken, brewers rice, corn gluten meal

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32
Q

statement of nutritional adequacy

A

adult maintenance

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33
Q

example of feeding instructions

A

feed 1-1.5 cups per 5-10lb dog

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34
Q

example of principle display panel

A

picture of the product

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35
Q

cats have a requirement of ___ carbs in their diets

A

1-2%

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36
Q

____ such as ____ are required in the diets of dogs and cats

A

essential fatty acids, linoleic acids

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37
Q

The ____ regulates chemical or microbiological contamination in pet food

A

FDA

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38
Q

guinea pigs do not require ____ in their diets because they make their own

A

vitamin C

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39
Q

_____ is essential in cats and clinical disease results if insufficient amounts are present

A

taurine

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40
Q

energy requirements for pregnant dogs is highest at the ____ to ___ months

A

6th - 8th

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41
Q

cats have higher protein requirements than dogs

A

True

42
Q

a cat or dog weighing ___ more than optimum for its breed is considered obese

A

40%

43
Q

T/F constipation is common in adult dogs and cats

A

true

44
Q

why is force feeding or syringe feeding not recommended for providing nutrition

A

aspiration

45
Q

complete feeds for horses include ___ roughage and ___ concentrate

A

80%, 20%

46
Q

_____ is a frequent finding in the normal neonatal foal

A

hypoglycemia

47
Q

a cow at peak lactation requires an average of __ gallons of water a day

A

45

48
Q

protein requirements for camelids are similar to those of ___

A

sheep and goats

49
Q

most commonly used NPN for sheep and goats is ___

A

urea

50
Q

most common disorders in reptiles is ____

A

metabolic bone disease

51
Q

how often should ferrets be fed

A

every 3-6 hours

52
Q

ruminants have the ability to break down ___ content to be used for energy

A

fiber

53
Q

nutrients that supply energy to an animal include

A

protein, carbs, and fats

54
Q

fat provides ___ of energy per gram

A

9 kcal

55
Q

what is optional in a guaranteed analysis on a pet food label

A

calcium

56
Q

anemia can be caused by deficiency of ___

A

protein

57
Q

one reason raw meat diets are not recommended

A

bones can perforate or obstruct GI

58
Q

what does AAFCO stand for

A

association of american feed control officials

59
Q

what nutrient is specifically involved with normal neural, retinal, and auditory development in kittens and puppies

A

omega-3 fatty acids

60
Q

during growth phase a puppy’s daily requirements are approximately

A

3 times its resting energy requirement

61
Q

what should be available to a guinea pig at their leisure

A

grass or hay

62
Q

what pet rodent has the highest dietary protein requirements

A

gerbils

63
Q

what causes metabolic bone disease in reptiles

A

insufficiency in vitamin D and calcium

64
Q

to measure body condition score on an animal you…

A

feel along the rib cage and check for a waist and abdominal tuck

65
Q

which nutrient is considered the most important for sustaining life?

A

water

66
Q

what is the primary energy source used in livestock rations

A

carbohydrates

67
Q

sheep are more susceptible to toxicity from this mineral than other species

A

copper

68
Q

rumen’s microbial flora generates ____ protein from feed

A

high quality

69
Q

overfeeding soluble carbs can lead to ____

A

obesity

70
Q

functions of fiber

A

normalize GI tract, promote feeling full, should not be given to young, pregnant, or working animals

71
Q

fat deficiency signs

A

delayed wound healing, dry hair/coat, scaly skin or infections

72
Q

fat soluble vitamins

A

A D E and K, stored in fat and liver

73
Q

water soluble vitamins

A

B and C, excreted through water loss

74
Q

ad lib feeding

A

free feeding

75
Q

RER calculation

A

kcal/day= 70(ideal body weight) ^0.75

76
Q

BCS

A

5 score or 9 score, start at head work to tail

77
Q

cats are obligate____

A

carnivores

78
Q

cats are sensitive to____

A

taste, odor, and food form

79
Q

cats require arginine and ____ in their diets

A

taurine

80
Q

arginine can lead to ____

A

hyperammonemia

81
Q

cysteine can replace up to ____ of methionine requirements but not vice versa

A

half

82
Q

cats need arachidonic acid during _____

A

gestation, lactation, and growth

83
Q

desert dwellers need _____ water than canines

A

less

84
Q

recommended water intake

A

1 ml/kcal ME

85
Q

types of pet food

A

wet, semi moist, dry, treats

86
Q

client education for food

A

price, feeding guidelines, calculation provided

87
Q

pet food preservatives are

A

BAD

88
Q

pet food myths

A

natural: no pet food is all natural
organic: no organic food
holistic: no official definition
raw: bacterial precautions

89
Q

kittens weight increases _____ a day

A

14-30 grams

90
Q

feeding the same amount to an animal after neutering can lead to

A

obesity

91
Q

minimum recommended allowance for fat for dogs

A

8.5%

92
Q

range of fat for cats diet

A

10-30%

93
Q

protein for dogs

A

15-25%

94
Q

protein for cats

A

30-45%

95
Q

weight loss diet for dogs

A

fat: 9%
fiber: 12-25%
protein: 25%
carb: 40%

96
Q

weight loss for cats

A

fat: 10%
fiber: 15-20 %
protein: 35%
carbs: 35%

97
Q

assisted feeding

A

sick, injured, or hospitalized animals who need nutrition

98
Q

disorder of potassium

A

kyperkalemia

99
Q

deficiency of selenium

A

white muscle disease

100
Q

how is vit A ingested

A

herbage

101
Q

disease of vit E

A

neurologic

Clin Pro II (2 decks)

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